1. Symptoms When elderly people complain of hip pain after falling and are unable to stand and walk, they should think of the possibility of femoral neck fracture. 2. Signs (1) Deformity: the affected limb has mild hip flexion and knee flexion and external rotation deformity. (2) Pain: In addition to spontaneous pain in the hip, the pain is more obvious when moving the affected limb. Pain is also felt in the hip when the affected limb is tapped at the heel or the greater trochanter, and there is often pressure pain below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament. (3) Swelling: most of the femoral neck fractures are intracapsular fractures, which do not bleed much after fracture and are surrounded by extra-articular thick muscles, therefore, local swelling is not easily seen in appearance. (4) Dysfunction: Patients with displaced fractures cannot sit up or stand after the injury, but there are some cases of nondisplaced linear fractures or insertion fractures that can still walk or ride a bicycle after the injury. Special care should be taken in these patients not to turn a nondisplaced stable fracture into a displaced unstable fracture by missing the diagnosis. In displaced fractures, the distal end is displaced upward by muscle traction, thus shortening the affected limb. (5) Elevation of the greater trochanter on the affected side is manifested by: (1) the greater trochanter is above the iliac-sciatic tuberosity line; (2) the horizontal distance between the greater trochanter and the anterior superior iliac spine is shorter than that on the healthy side.