Lymphedema is tissue edema caused by lymphatic accumulation in the superficial soft tissues of the limbs due to congenital lymphatic duct dysplasia or secondary to impaired lymphatic fluid return. The incidence of postoperative lymphedema in breast cancer is 10-60%. Breast cancer lymphatic clearance of axillary or even subclavian lymph nodes blocks the main lymphatic circuit of the upper limb, causing damage to the main lymphatic circuit of the upper limb; poor postoperative drainage forms subcutaneous fluid accumulation in the axilla, wound infection, and necrosis of the trabecular margin, resulting in inflammation or scar growth, which affects lymphatic regeneration and reflux compensation after surgery. Radiation therapy is a common cause of triggering or aggravating lymphedema. When the two factors of surgery and radiotherapy are added together, the large and deeper scar hard nodes formed in the axillary and supraclavicular areas block the compensatory lymphatic circuits. Radiotherapy not only triggers lymphedema, but also causes venous stenosis or occlusion, leading to a significant increase in the incidence of limb lymphedema. How to protect oneself for breast cancer patients 1.Patients should pay attention to observe whether there is slight edema in upper limbs or chest, and if there is any aggravation, they should tell the doctor in time; 2.Often elevate the affected limbs to avoid prolonged drooping, moderate massage, avoid blood draw and injection in the affected limbs; 3.Avoid measuring blood pressure in the affected limbs, if there is bilateral upper limb lymphedema, blood pressure can be measured in the lower limbs; 4.Keep the skin of the affected limbs, especially the folds and finger gaps Avoid strenuous repetitive movements that increase the resistance of the affected limbs, do not lift heavy objects (<5kg), and carry bags on the side of the shoulders; do not wear tight necklaces and elastic bracelets; avoid high temperatures when showering or washing dishes, avoid saunas or hot baths, and use sunscreen products; avoid injuries to the affected limbs, such as cuts, burns, sports injuries, insect bites, scratches, etc., and avoid any injuries when trimming 9, maintain the ideal weight, eat a low salt, high protein, easy to digest diet, avoid smoking, drinking alcohol; 10, do housework or planting flowers can wear gloves; 11, avoid excessive fatigue of the affected limbs, when the limbs feel pain in time to rest; 12, some aerobic fitness, such as walking, swimming, cycling, gymnastics; 13, the emergence of any symptoms of infection, such as rash, itching, redness, pain Itching, redness, pain, increased skin temperature or fever should be reported to the doctor in time; 14, pay great attention to the infection of the affected limb, and give the most active treatment. Second, the auxiliary treatment tools physical drive therapy instrument Principle: through the periodic mechanical action of pressure, decompression will be soft tissue lymphatic fluid extrusion into the deep venous system. Advantages: fast effect, easy to use, adjustable pressure, can be used repeatedly. Disadvantages: high cost, easy to repeat if not used consistently, inconvenient to carry. Contraindications: Acute deep vein thrombosis, severe congestive heart failure, recent implantation, gangrene, dengue, built-in artificial joint, prosthesis. Elastic cuff Principle: The highest support pressure is established at the wrist of the wearer, and the pressure decreases gradually up the arm, thus reducing local tissue congestion, avoiding the accumulation of body fluids in one part of the arm, and improving local microcirculation. At the same time, the cuff, as a support for the affected limb, can help the muscles pump away body fluids and promote the return of lymphatic fluid in the damaged limb to achieve the therapeutic effect of decongestion Caution: 1. 4.Cut fingernails regularly, in the dry season to prevent hand and arm skin cracking, to avoid scratching the cuff; 5.Use neutral detergent hand wash in warm water, do not wring, squeeze dry by hand or use a dry towel to absorb excess moisture, dry in the shade, do not put in the sun to dry or artificial heat source baking. Advantages: easy to use, easy to carry, relatively inexpensive. Disadvantages: The pressure value is fixed and needs to be checked by a physician every 4-6 months. The pressure value is small (23-32 mmHg) and is more suitable for patients who are weak, postoperative or in the early stage of edema. Surgical treatment Moderate lymphedema occurs when the circumferential difference between the affected side and the healthy upper limb is greater than 3 cm. Surgery is required when the hand begins to swell, when nuclear lymphography shows significant obstruction of lymphatic flow, and when the affected limb has recurrent infections. Surgery can be performed to reconstruct lymphatic flow through microsurgical techniques, and surgical treatment of localized lesions can also be performed to reduce volume, weight, and lymphatic production. In conclusion, active treatment and protection is needed when lymphedema is detected, and early treatment can slow down the development of lymphedema. Active anterior lymph node biopsy and targeted axillary lymph node dissection are the most effective ways to prevent postoperative lymphedema.