Cardiac output (CO) is the total volume of blood ejected from one ventricle per minute, also known as cardiac output per minute, or cardiac output for short. In a quiet state, the end-diastolic volume of the normal adult left ventricle is about 125 ml, and the end-systolic volume is about 55 ml. The difference between the two is the stroke volume, which is 70 ml. It can be seen that the ventricle does not eject all the blood that fills the ventricle during each ejection. The percentage of stroke volume to end-diastolic volume is called the ejection fraction. Decreased cardiac output can lead to shock. Decreased cardiac output leads to myocardial hypoxia and reduced cardiac function, which is the number one risk to human health. Most of the reduced cardiac output is caused by hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, which can be deposited in the lining of arteries until atheroma is formed, resulting in narrowing or even blockage of blood vessels, which can eventually lead to coronary heart disease and other serious diseases.