Proliferative hypertrophy is a common disease in children due to recurrent acute or subacute inflammation of the nasopharynx, resulting in pathological hypertrophy of the proliferators and lymphoid follicles of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Proliferative hypertrophy often exists in combination with chronic tonsillitis. The disease occurs in cold and humid areas. Proliferative hypertrophy is a pathological hyperplasia of the proliferative bodies, also known as adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils, which are lymphoid tissues at the top of the nasopharynx and gradually increase in size after birth, reaching the most human level at about 6 years of age and gradually degenerating at 10 years of age. Due to repeated infections, the proliferative bodies can proliferate abnormally, and the enlarged proliferative bodies can cause nasal blockage and obstruction of nasal drainage, leading to rhinitis and sinusitis; when the eustachian tube is blocked, it can easily cause otitis media, and due to open-mouth breathing, children are prone to respiratory infections, and long-term open-mouth breathing can affect the development of facial bones and the physical and intellectual development of children. 1. Children with stuffy and runny nose, irritating cough, open-mouth breathing, snoring in sleep, sleepless nights, depression, mental retardation and hearing loss. 2.Proliferative facial features: short thick upturned upper lip, drooping jaw, disappearance of nasolabial folds, high arched hard palate, uneven teeth, and dull expression. 3, often accompanied by tonsillar hypertrophy and inflammation, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal secretion accumulation or mucopurulent secretions from the nasopharynx down the posterior pharyngeal wall. 4. Tympanic membrane invagination, adhesions or tympanic chamber effusion. The lymph nodes under the jaw and the angle of the jaw are enlarged. 5.Finger palpation method palpates a soft orange flap mass at the top of the nasopharynx of the child. Symptoms and signs (1) Repeated stimulation of chronic inflammation causes secondary infection and hyperplasia of the proliferators, mostly in children, often in conjunction with chronic tonsillitis, nasopharyngitis and sinusitis. (2) Nasal obstruction, runny nose, open-mouth breathing, snoring during sleep, can affect physical and intellectual development, and sometimes “proliferative face” can appear, and more serious cases can occur “chicken chest”. (3) Obstruction of the eustachian tube may cause secretory otitis media. (4) Laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and gastrointestinal disorders can be complicated by the stimulation of inflammatory secretions. Diagnostic tests (1) Posterior rhinoscopy with enlarged proliferators in the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex. Soft orange petal-like masses can be felt in the nasopharynx of the child with finger probing. (2) It is often accompanied by tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic inflammation, enlarged turbinates, and accumulation of nasal secretions. (3) Narrow maxilla, high arched hard palate, uneven teeth, and drooping mandible, called proliferative appearance. (4) Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes or cervical lymph nodes. (5) Often accompanied by secretory otitis media, note the presence of effusion in the tympanic chamber, pure tone audiometry and acoustic impedance examination can be done. (6) If necessary, perform fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy and nasopharyngeal radiography. (7) Pay attention to the exclusion of nasopharyngeal tumors. Treatment principles 1, light cases: mucosal constrictor nasal drops. 2.Severe cases: surgical removal of proliferators. Health care tips 1.When the child’s condition is related to allergic reactions, reduce or remove irritants from the environment, which can make the child comfortable and at ease. For example, electrostatic air filters can reduce dust or fungus in the room. 2, humidifier can prevent the child’s mucus from thickening, with a humidifier with a constant humidifier can ensure that the humidity in the air is constant, and can purify the humidifier before and after use. 3, over-the-counter medications in the decongestants can temporarily relieve the pain of the disease. In normal people, 3-4 years old when the proliferators were originally very large, not considered pathological, often gradually shrink and disappear after puberty. If the proliferators are enlarged after the age of 5 and have obvious clinical symptoms, they are often the cause of many diseases in pediatrics and otolaryngology. If the hypertrophy of the proliferators obstructs nasal ventilation and sinus drainage, it can induce rhinitis and sinusitis and aggravate them, and the increased secretions from sinusitis stimulate the proliferators to make them even more hypertrophic, so that they are mutually beneficial and form a vicious circle. Therefore, those who suffer from hyperplasia and have more obvious symptoms should be treated with surgery early. The earlier the surgery is performed after the age of 5, the better the results. The symptoms can be significantly improved or disappear, and the developmental and nutritional status can be normalized.