I. Is there any difference between influenza A and the common cold?
A: There are several differences in the following areas.
1, the infection virus is different, the flu (influenza) is divided into three categories, type A, type B, type C. Influenza A is influenza A, B is influenza B, C flow because there are few symptoms, so it is ignored. Influenza A is divided into several kinds, H1N1 is only one kind of influenza A.
2, the impact of the scope of different: influenza A has epidemic, widespread spread, easy to cause group morbidity, the impact of a large, more harmful; and the common cold is basically an individual or a small group involved, does not have the epidemic, less harmful. Now many colds during the epidemic is influenza A H1N1, pathogenetic examination can be detected positive for influenza A H1N1 virus.
3, the severity of influenza A seems to be heavier than the common cold, seems to be more likely to lead to inflammation of the lungs, individual cases because of the rapid development of the disease and progress to severe pneumonia, which can lead to death. However, not all severe cases are influenza A.
4. There is little difference in symptoms in general cases. Usually they all show flu-like symptoms, including fever, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, sputum, headache, body aches, weakness, etc.
Second, who belongs to the high-risk group?
A: Influenza A in the population is generally susceptible, and the following groups of people with flu-like symptoms, more likely to develop into serious cases, should be given high priority, as soon as possible for influenza A H1N1 virus nucleic acid testing and other necessary tests.
Therefore, also called more likely to develop serious cases of “high-risk groups”: “the elderly, the sick and disabled”
1, women during pregnancy.
2, people with the following diseases or conditions: chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases (except hypertension), renal diseases, liver diseases, hematological diseases, neurological and neuromuscular diseases, metabolic and endocrine system diseases, immune suppression (including the application of immunosuppressants or HIV infection, etc. causing immune deficiency), long-term aspirin users under 19 years of age.
3, obese individuals (high risk for body mass index ≥ 40, body mass index in the range of 30-39 may be a high risk factor).
4, children <5 years of age (age <2 years are more likely to have serious complications).
5, elderly people aged ≥ 65 years.
C. If influenza A is suspected, what tests should be done?
A: According to the latest Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China issued the Influenza A H1N1 diagnosis and treatment program (2009, third edition): If you suspect influenza A, in addition to epidemiology and clinical symptoms, signs and symptoms in line, but also need further lines of examination are mainly.
(a) laboratory tests.
1, peripheral blood tests: the total number of white blood cells is generally not high or reduced.
2. Blood biochemical examination: hypokalemia in some cases, elevated creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in a few cases.
3. Pathogenetic examination.
(1) viral nucleic acid detection: RT-PCR (preferably using real-time RT-PCR) method to detect respiratory specimens (pharyngeal swabs, nasal swabs, nasopharyngeal or tracheal extracts, sputum) in the nucleic acid of influenza A (H1N1) virus, the results can be positive.
(2) virus isolation: respiratory specimens can be isolated from the influenza A H1N1 virus.
(3) serum antibody test: dynamic detection of double serum influenza A (H1N1) virus-specific antibody levels are 4-fold or more than 4-fold elevated.
(B) chest imaging: combined with pneumonia when the lung is visible lamellar shadows.
Fourth, the vaccine should not be played?
A: It should be given, but it is not mandatory. China’s influenza A vaccination adheres to the principle of “informed, voluntary and free”, but it is recommended for key populations. The so-called key people are those who ensure the operation of the public service system, that is, public officials, water, electricity, coal, gas, transportation, including medical personnel; the second is teachers and students, because the contact time in the school environment is long, the contact distance is close, and the frequency is high.
V. How old can people play?
A: Age greater than 3 years old.
Contraindicated groups for the AFL vaccine.
1.Allergic to eggs or any other components of the vaccine (including excipients, formaldehyde, lysate, etc.), especially ovalbumin;
2.Patients suffering from acute diseases, serious chronic diseases, acute onset of chronic diseases, colds and fever;
3.Patients with Grimballi syndrome;
4.Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive neurological diseases;
5.Patients with severe allergy, allergic to gentamicin sulfate;
6.Patients younger than 3 years old.
In addition, pregnant and lactating women, patients with underlying chronic diseases are at undetermined risk, as they are also a high-risk group, and whether they can play should depend on individual circumstances.
VI. Where do I get the vaccination?
A: The free vaccination is organized by the designated department of each school or unit after first collecting the voluntary vaccination list and reporting it. As for the independent request for vaccination, you can go to the nearest hospital or relevant health department and ask, depending on the specific situation.
VII. Will the AFL vaccine have any side effects?
A: First of all, any kind of vaccine will have different degrees of adverse reactions, not only influenza A (H1N1) vaccine, which we should have a correct understanding, including the traditional seasonal vaccine also has adverse reactions, the key is whether this adverse reaction can be accepted, the benefits of vaccination and adverse reactions to do a balance between the bad, whether it is the traditional seasonal flu vaccine or other preventive Infectious vaccine, or the H1N1 vaccine, from our country’s research, including research in countries like the United States and Australia, have proved that the benefits of vaccination are far greater than the harm it may bring.
The vaccine still has its side effects, but these side effects can be within the normal range, such as some mild fever, fatigue, body aches, local redness and swelling, these side effects will soon pass. So how to understand this problem, in the balance of pros and cons, the benefits far outweigh the disadvantages, whether for the individual or for the group, it is beneficial to strengthen its vaccination. This answer is extracted from the speech of Liang Wannian, deputy director of the Emergency Response Office of the Ministry of Health].
VIII. What should I pay attention to when I get this vaccine?
A: In addition to the contraindicated groups mentioned earlier, some measures for adverse reactions should be noted: In order to prevent the occasional occurrence of serious allergic reactions, drugs such as epinephrine and other rescue measures should be available at the injection site during vaccination for emergency use. The vaccine recipient should be kept under observation for at least 30 minutes after the injection.
IX. Can you tell us about the vaccine?
A: This is a broad question, so I will give a general introduction from the following aspects.
1. The essence of the vaccine: The vaccine is an inactivated virus that has lost the ability to replicate.
2. Where do vaccines come from? –In a pharmaceutical plant, vaccines are “grown” in eggs, which essentially provide a complete sterile factory for vaccine production. The virus strain is first injected into the egg with a needle and the virus multiplies in the right soil; next, the virus is isolated from it and ‘inactivated and lysed’, the process of lysis being the process of inactivating and splitting the virus, requiring only the ‘hemagglutinin’ in it. ‘ that is, to retain the appearance of the virus.
3.How to play a protective role? –Because the vaccine is inactive, it will not replicate and reproduce anymore, so it is safe; and because the vaccine retains the “hemagglutinin”, which is equivalent to retaining the appearance of the virus, it will still cause the body’s immune response when it enters the human body, and leave a memory of the virus. When a large number of viruses invade, the immune army will be organized to attack and destroy the invading viruses.
4, the vaccine protection rate: domestic and foreign research shows that the influenza A H1N1 vaccine protection rate can reach 85% or more.
X. Is it necessary to get the general vaccination after the influenza A vaccine?
A: Yes. Because the role of the vaccine is one-to-one, the H1N1 vaccine for H1N1 influenza.
The seasonal influenza vaccine, influenza A (H1N1) vaccine and pneumonia vaccine are inactivated vaccines currently on the market, which do not interfere with each other’s immune response or increase the incidence of side effects, but it is not recommended that the three vaccines be administered at the same time. If any two of these vaccines are given at the same time, they should be given at different sites. If two vaccines cannot be given at the same time, they should be given at least 14 days apart.
XI. Is there a cure for influenza A? How to cure?
A: Yes.
According to the third edition of the treatment plan, the treatment of influenza A is based on antiviral therapy (research shows that such influenza A H1N1 virus is currently sensitive to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (oseltamivir), zanamivir (zanamivir)).
In addition, general treatment (rest, water, antipyretic if necessary) as well as other treatments (symptomatic support, Chinese medicine and dialectic), etc. are also included.
It should also be noted that prevention is the key, and effective preventive measures include vaccination against influenza A, frequent hand washing, more ventilation, less visits to crowded places, etc.
In short, influenza A is preventable, controllable and treatable! The key is to raise awareness and strengthen preventive and self-protective measures.