Short tongue tie is a congenital developmental abnormality, mainly manifested as a short tongue tie at the bottom center of the tongue, so that the normal activities of the tongue is restricted, so the tongue can not be extended to the outside of the mouth, or upward can not touch the upper lip; tongue forward, because of the short tongue tie pulling the tongue, so that the back of the tongue has a small depression, the tip of the tongue is “V” or “W” type. In severe cases, it affects sucking, speech clarity and learning language. This is the result of what is commonly known as “big tongue”. The dangers of a short lingual ligament include frequent ulcers caused by the abrasion of the two lower incisors when sucking during infancy because the lingual ligament is too short. A short tongue tie also restricts the movement of the tongue in the mouth, which affects the spitting and pronunciation of words, especially for curly, palatal and lingual sounds, such as /l/, /r/ and /ch/ in the Hanyu Pinyin alphabet. Due to the restricted tongue movement, it will also have some effect on chewing. Short tongue ligament can be treated surgically if necessary, but there are some misconceptions about short tongue ligament in daily life. Some common misconceptions about short tongue ties: 1, infants with short tongue ties is not normal Some parents find that infants with short tongue ties, open mouth when the tip of the tongue can not be upturned, tongue activity is not flexible, it is not considered normal. In fact, the baby’s tongue tether is in the developmental stage. In the neonatal period, the tongue tie is extended to the tip of the tongue or close to the tip of the tongue. During the development of the tongue, the tongue ligament gradually recedes toward the tongue root, and the tip of the tongue gradually moves away from the tongue ligament only after the age of 2 years in normal children. Therefore, in infancy, the lingual ligament becomes more tense and the lingual ligament can appear “too short”, which is a temporary physiological phenomenon and should not be considered abnormal. With the growth of age and the eruption of milk teeth, the attachment of tongue tie will gradually move down to the bottom of the mouth, gradually become thin and loose, the mobility of the tongue will also become more flexible, and the tongue tie will not be short. Some parents attribute their children’s inability to pronounce to the short tongue tether, and take their children to the hospital to have their tongue tether cut as long as they have the performance of unclear speech. The inability to pronounce and spit out words is certainly related to the short tongue tie, but it is not the only reason for the inability to pronounce. The short tongue tie usually only affects the child’s inaccurate pronunciation of certain words, but does not play a major role in the overall pronunciation. There are two main causes of mispronunciation: one is congenital physiological defects, such as congenital cleft lip and palate, missing or malformed teeth and short tongue tie; the other is due to acquired diseases, such as uncoordinated vocal movements due to neurological diseases, inability to hear and imitate correctly due to hearing impairment, and brain developmental disorders, which can cause mispronunciation. In addition, the vocabulary of children before 3 years old is gradually increasing, and they want to use language to express their own thinking, so they often have inaccurate pronunciation, especially some complex sounds. This is because they have just learned to speak, and the language center and vocal organs of the brain are not mature, or they are influenced by the language environment in the process of learning to speak. Some parents worry that the short tongue tie will affect their children’s pronunciation and speech, and insist that the doctor do the surgery early, thinking that early surgery does not require anesthesia, no stitches and less bleeding. However, if the surgery is done too early (at the age of 2-6 months), it will easily lead to scar formation of the surgical wound, and some children will have to have a second surgery. Moreover, most children do not cooperate well with the surgeon during surgery, and the slightest carelessness can easily cause misinjury and co-infection. In addition, the psychological impact of premature surgery can be even greater than the physical damage caused to the child. The recommended time for surgery is after the age of 4 and around the age of 5. This is because the tongue tie gradually shifts backwards as the child gets older. Even if the tongue tie is too short, it can be improved with training and most children do not experience dysfunction. A child’s articulation is related to factors such as auditory function, language environment, intellectual development, and degree of articulation. These factors become more refined at the age of 4 years, therefore, children before the age of 4 years or younger can be observed and followed up. If a child is found to have tongue tie problems at an early stage, it is advisable to be diagnosed by a medical professional and then undergo appropriate treatment or tongue motor training or speech therapy, as most children do not need to undergo this treatment.