Mumps is an acute, systemic infection caused by the mumps virus and is most commonly seen in children and adolescents. The main clinical features are enlargement and pain in the parotid glands, and sometimes other salivary glands may also be involved. Meningoencephalitis and orchitis are common comorbidities. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of such patients in outpatient clinics. The virus is transmitted through direct contact, droplets, saliva-contaminated eating utensils and toys; it can be prevalent in all seasons, with late winter and early spring being the most common. Since vaccination is not yet available in China, the annual incidence rate is very high, and the incidence is more common in older children and adolescents, but less common in infants and children under two years of age. The incubation period is usually 12 to 22 days. The virus can be isolated from the salivary glands from 6 days before to 9 days after the swelling of the parotid gland, and the infection period is from about 24 hours before the swelling of the parotid gland to 3 days after the swelling subsides. About 20-40% of mumps patients do not have parotid swelling, and the presence of this subclinical form makes diagnosis, prevention and isolation difficult. Antibodies from pregnant women can pass through the placenta and keep the infant free of the disease for 6 to 8 months after birth. Lifelong immunity is obtained after infection with the disease. The prodromal symptoms of the disease are usually mild and manifest as a moderate increase in body temperature, headache, and myalgia. The swelling of the parotid gland is often the first sign of the disease and lasts for 7-10 days, often one side is swollen for 2-3 days before the opposite parotid gland is also swollen. The swelling of the parotid gland is characterized by an enlargement centered on the earlobe, with a forward, backward and downward expansion, indistinct edges, a feeling of elasticity when touched, pain and tenderness, no redness of the surface skin, a feeling of heat, and increased pain when opening the mouth and chewing, especially when eating acidic food. The swelling and pain peaks in 3 to 5 days and subsides in about a week. There is often redness and swelling at the mouth of the parotid duct. There may be swelling of the ipsilateral pharynx and soft palate, and the tonsils may be displaced to the midline; laryngeal edema may also occur; edema may also occur in the upper chest. The temperature remains high when the parotid gland is enlarged, mostly moderate fever, which lasts 5-7 days and then subsides. Occasionally, red papules or urticaria are seen on the trunk. I. Meningoencephalitis: It is the most common complication of childhood and is 3 to 5 times more common in males than females. Mumps encephalitis is not easily distinguished from other causes of meningoencephalitis, with apathy, neck stiffness, and vomiting as common symptoms; cerebrospinal fluid protein is normal or slightly elevated, with cell counts mostly <500×106/L, but also >1000×106/L, with lymphocytes predominating. Viruses can be isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid in the early stages of the disease. Mumps meningitis generally has a good prognosis; encephalitis may have permanent sequelae or even death. Second, orchitis: is the most common comorbidity in boys, with a minimum age of 3 years and a prevalence of 14% to 35% in men after puberty. Early symptoms are fever, chills, headache, nausea, lower abdominal pain, significant pain, swelling and tenderness in the affected testicles, edema and redness of the adjacent skin, atrophy of 30%-40% of the affected testicles, and impaired fertility in 13% of patients, but infertility is rare. It is often accompanied by epididymitis, and the latter may also appear alone. Ovarian inflammation: % of post-pubertal female patients can have complications of ovarian inflammation with fever, vomiting, lower abdominal pain and tenderness, but it does not affect future reproductive function. The pancreatitis mild or subclinical pancreatitis: more common, if not accompanied by parotid enlargement can be misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis, manifested as epigastric pain and pressure, with fever, chills, vomiting and deficiency. An increase in serum amylase activity can help in the diagnosis, but this enzyme can also be increased in cases of mumps without pancreatitis, so serum lipase should be measured at the same time for differentiation. Occasionally, diabetes mellitus develops within a few weeks after mumps. V. Others: Myocarditis manifests as precordial pain, bradycardia, and fatigue, and the electrocardiogram shows a decrease in the ST segment. Nephrosis often appears 10-14 days after mumps. In addition, mastitis, thyroiditis, arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura, hearing loss, lacrimal gland infection, optic nerve papillitis, and keratitis can occur and usually recover within 20 days. In a small number of children, the hearing loss is irreversible. This disease is a self-limiting disease, antiviral drugs are ineffective, mainly symptomatic treatment. Patients should rest in bed, be appropriately hydrated and nourished, and have a diet determined by the patient’s ability to chew, without giving acidic foods. For severe headache and complicated orchitis, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, local ice packs on the testicles and testicular support may be given. In case of severe vomiting, hydration and electrolytes should be supplemented. Chinese medicine preparation in our department: cheek patch, clear heat and reduce swelling, with good efficacy. The prognosis is generally good, but there is occasional death in cases with encephalitis, nephritis and myocarditis, mostly in adults. The main prevention of this disease is: (a) passive immunization can be given to mumps immune r globulin, the effect is good. (b) Active immunization children can be routinely given live attenuated mumps vaccine or measles, rubella, mumps triple vaccine 14 months after birth, 99% can produce antibodies, a few mumps occur 7-10 days after vaccination. In addition to subcutaneous vaccination, the aerosol nasal spray method can also be used. (c) Isolation of the child until the swelling of the parotid gland has completely subsided, and susceptible children with a history of exposure should be quarantined for 3 weeks.