The treatment principles of bladder tumor are the same as other tumors, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and new technologies, but surgery is still the main treatment. The scope and method of specific surgery should be analyzed according to the stage of tumor, malignancy, pathological type and size of tumor, location, involvement of adjacent organs, etc.
Surgical treatment: 1.Bladder tumor local excision and electrocautery Surgical indication: papillary tumor of bladder with only infiltrating mucous membrane or submucous layer, low malignancy and thin basal tip.
2.Partial cystectomy Surgery indications: It is suitable for invasive papillary carcinoma with limited scope, located far from the bladder triangle and the neck area.
3.Total cystectomy Surgical indications: For multiple tumors with large scope and scattered tumors, which are not suitable for local excision; for invasive tumors located near the bladder triangle or in the bladder neck, total cystectomy should be used.
The general condition of the patient must be improved before total cystectomy. For those who use intestine for urinary diversion, bowel preparation, blood preparation, preoperative enema and vaginal disinfection are required for women.
4.Transurethral bladder tumor electrosurgery or laser treatment Transurethral bladder tumor electrosurgery (TURBT) is a treatment method for superficial non-invasive bladder tumors, which has the advantages of less damage, quick recovery, can be repeated, has no surgical mortality, and can preserve bladder urinary function.
This method is also usually a combination of diagnostic and therapeutic approach, which can avoid or reduce open bladder surgery. The introduction of laser fiber into the human cavity organ through the endoscope to treat the disease is a major advance in treatment.
5.Interventional therapy In recent years, interventional therapy has been widely used to treat tumors, and interventional therapy for bladder tumors has also been reported. Its treatment method mainly refers to subabdominal artery cannulation chemotherapy.
Radiation therapy The effect of radiation therapy for bladder cancer is not ideal, so it is mainly used for palliative treatment of patients with advanced tumors, or pavement therapy for patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy.
Heating Therapy The theory that the growth of cancer cells is inhibited by using a temperature higher than body temperature (43°C), while normal tissues are not damaged.