Currently, the surgical treatment of ascending aortic aneurysms is primarily determined by the size of the ascending aortic diameter in combination with the etiology of the ascending aortic aneurysm dilatation or the underlying condition of the comorbidities. When the diameter of the ascending aorta exceeds 1.5 times the diameter of the normal aorta, it is called an ascending aortic aneurysm. In general, when the diameter is greater than 4.0 cm, the presence of connective tissue disease should be determined, β-blockers should be started, blood pressure should be strictly controlled, physical activity should be limited, pregnancy counseling should be performed, annual transthoracic cardiac ultrasound or CT or MRI examinations should be performed, and the size of the ascending aorta and the rate of dilatation should be monitored regularly. When the diameter is larger than 4.5cm, if aortic valve surgery is proposed, surgical treatment of ascending aortic aneurysm should be performed at the same time; when the diameter is larger than 4.5cm and combined with a family history of entrapment, aortic dilatation rate of more than 3mm/year, severe aortic valve closure insufficiency or mitral valve closure insufficiency, the proposed pregnancy, and other risk factors grade the presence of aortic root aneurysm of the horse’s side of the syndrome patients can be considered for surgical treatment. Surgery is recommended for diameters greater than 5 cm. Specific diagnosis and treatment are subject to medical advice.