1, jaundice The ability of the baby’s liver to process bilirubin is weak, easy to accumulate in the body, to a certain extent, jaundice. Clinically, jaundice is often characterized by yellowing of skin and mucous membranes, yellowing of sclera (white eyeballs) and yellowing of urine. Parental response When jaundice occurs, parents should observe the baby’s state, such as whether the spirit is good, whether the urine and stools are normal, and so on. If, in addition to jaundice, the baby shows symptoms such as fatigue, lack of movement, fever, etc., consult a doctor without delay. The severity of jaundice can be judged according to the parts of the body where it exists. If it only grows on the face and brain, it is usually mild and basically does not need treatment; if jaundice develops to the forehead and back, it may be moderate jaundice; if jaundice develops on the arms and legs, it is severe jaundice; and in the most severe degree, it develops to the palms of the hands and the hearts of the feet. Doctors can also use a jaundice tester to estimate the level of jaundice in your baby. Generally when moderate or severe jaundice occurs (bilirubin measurement is greater than 170 micromol/liter), medical treatment is required. 2, umbilical cord infection After the birth of the baby, from the umbilical cord to just fall off the period of time, if the care is not appropriate, easy due to bacterial infection and umbilical cord infection. Clinically, the umbilicus is often red and swollen, with thin, yellowish exudate, gently touching the baby will cry, and in severe cases there will be fever and other symptoms. Parents countermeasures Prevent navel infection, first of all, to keep the navel clean and dry, wrapped baby quilt is not easy to be too thick, the umbilical cord does not fall off, give the baby a bath to be divided into two parts of the upper and lower parts of the wash, do not let the umbilical cord stained with water. Secondly, insist on using 75% alcohol to sterilize the navel 3-4 times a day. Also avoid irritation of the navel from clothes and diapers. In addition, some babies’ umbilical cords come off with a grayish-white stump that is still a little tough to the touch. This may be granuloma, need a doctor’s help. 3, diarrhea Typical symptoms of diarrhea are, the number of stools suddenly increased, and accompanied by mucus, pus and blood, as well as water and stool separation, severe vomiting, fever and other symptoms. Currently, it is believed that diarrhea is related to allergies, lactose malabsorption, infections, cold and dietary changes. Parental Responses The first thing parents should do when diarrhea occurs is to keep a stool specimen for testing. It is recommended to use a clean, well-prepared box or bottle to keep it, or plastic wrap will do. However, do not use a diaper, as it can adsorb the components of the stool that need to be tested and affect the results. Also note that it should not take more than 2 hours. The fresher the stool, the more accurate the test results will be. Therefore, parents keep the stool and send it to the nearest hospital to save time. When diarrhea, parents can be under the guidance of the doctor, give the baby to take montelukast, it can relieve the symptoms of diarrhea, side effects are relatively small, but do not more than two bags a day, otherwise it may cause constipation. 4, constipation If the baby appears dry and hard stools, stool volume is small, defecation crying, prolonged cycle (2-4 days) and other symptoms, may be constipation. Clinically, constipation is mostly caused by improper dietary structure or allergies. Parental Responses For breastfed babies, mothers should pay attention to the adjustment of the diet structure, less meat, eggs, milk, more fiber-rich vegetables and fruits, such as pumpkin, apples and so on. You can also use the palm of your hand to massage the baby’s abdomen clockwise to promote intestinal peristalsis. In addition, if your baby’s feces appear bloody, check whether your baby has a fissure in the anus. It is recommended to use alcohol cotton ball, wipe in the baby’s anus, if the baby appeared to cry, fussing and other reactions, even if there is no fissure seen, but also indicates the emergence of anal fissure. In order to prevent anal fissure, parents usually try not to do the action of the stool, urine, at this time the anus is in the lowest position, blood vessels are full, easy to form hemorrhoids. Children in 1 ½ to 2 years of age to form a sense of independent defecation, premature training is not beneficial. If there is no anal fissure, it may be allergy-induced intestinal bleeding, to seek medical attention. 5, intestinal colic Baby less than 4 months, the intestinal wall of the immature nerve development, easy to cause intestinal peristalsis irregularity, spasm and pain, which is what we often say colic. Colic attack from 8 to 9 pm, the baby will often cry, stomach swelling, not easy to sleep, hold up, lying on the body will reduce the symptoms, lying down the most serious, until there is exhaust will be relieved. Parents countermeasures Colic can be relieved by massage, at the same time, you can also follow the doctor’s advice to the baby to take simethicone oil, in order to facilitate the dissolution of flatulence. In addition, milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance can also lead to colic. Therefore, when colic occurs in formula-fed babies, it is important to have the doctor diagnose whether it is caused by allergy. In addition, breastfeeding mothers should also be careful not to consume stimulating or allergenic foods, such as caffeinated beverages and seafood, nuts and other foods. 6, eczema After a baby eats, inhales or comes into contact with some allergens, eczema is very likely to occur; the specific symptoms are redness of the skin, rashes, and sometimes yellow secretions. Parental response Eczema is mostly caused by allergies, so the first thing to do is to find out the allergens, vitamin A and vitamin D may contain peanut oil, very easy to cause allergies in babies; mothers should eat less milk, soybeans, peanuts, nuts, seafood, beef and sheep, and finally, meat and other allergy-prone foods. Secondly, you can give your baby some calcium supplements, but be aware that the added ingredients in calcium supplements may also cause allergies, so consult your doctor before use. Again, keep the affected area clean and dry, but pay proper attention to moisturizing, and prevent infection if there is oozing fluid. Try not to wash and bathe your baby’s face with soaps and bath soaps. In addition, if the eczema is really more serious, you can follow the doctor’s advice to use hormone drugs; but be sure to dilute, the general ratio of 1:2, and the use of time should not be too long, in order to avoid side effects. Eczema caused by allergies are mostly related to genetic factors, if parents have a history of allergies should be extra careful. 7, diaper rash If the diaper change is not diligent or washing is not clean, it is very easy to lead to the occurrence of diaper rash. Specific manifestations: redness of the skin near the anus, buttocks, perineum and other places, the distribution of small red dots protruding, and in severe cases will also ooze mucus. Parent’s response After each urination and defecation, try to rinse with water, do not just wipe with wet wipes, so as to avoid the retention of dirt. After rinsing, it is best to let your baby’s bottom dry naturally, and the use of talcum powder is not recommended; if your baby is fat, you can use a hair dryer to dry it after washing. If the skin of the affected area is intact, you can apply some buttock cream.