Supported by large-scale molecular epidemiological work on deafness in the Chinese population, genetic diagnosis of deafness and prenatal diagnosis are gradually being carried out in domestic medical institutions. With the recognition and acceptance of deafness genetic diagnosis, more and more deaf people and their families are coming to hospital diagnostic centers for genetic testing and genetic counseling. To address this situation, here is a brief description of the suitable groups and conditions for prenatal deafness genetic diagnosis. Most of the families seeking prenatal diagnosis have had one or more deaf children, but the parents have normal hearing, some have a family history of deafness, and some have never had a deaf child before. For such families, in addition to careful consultation and detailed otologic examination and hearing examination, we recommend routine genetic diagnosis for children who have been found to be deaf (prenatal witnesses). If a definitive molecular diagnosis of the cause of the deafness can be made through genetic testing, the parents will be tested for genetic confirmation. The term “definitive molecular diagnosis” refers to the identification of a double allele mutation in the gene responsible for autosomal recessive deafness, such as GJB2 and SLC26A4, or a single or double allele mutation in the gene responsible for autosomal dominant deafness in the pre-determined individual. Based on this, the family is further diagnosed prenatally by obtaining fetal DNA through amniotic fluid, amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood and performing relevant genetic testing, i.e., testing the fetal DNA for the gene that causes deafness in the family’s preexisting patients, and issuing a prenatal diagnosis report based on the results. In summary, prenatal diagnosis of deafness genes is based on 1) a clear molecular etiology of the child in the family who has developed deafness and 2) the ability to be genetically verified in the parents at the same time, i.e., in accordance with genetic laws. With the continuous progress of science and technology, more and more deafness genes will surface and high-throughput testing technologies will be introduced, which is believed to clarify the etiology for more and more deaf people and provide a broader space for prenatal deafness genetic diagnosis.