Pediatric breath-holding episodes, also known as apnea, is a phenomenon in which children suddenly experience apnea while crying vigorously. During breath-holding episodes, hypercapnia and cerebral hypoxia are caused by breath-holding, and cerebral vasoconstriction and secondary respiratory spasms during crying slow down the heartbeat causing reduced blood flow and finally fainting and convulsions. This disease is a more common seizure neurosis in infancy and early childhood. It is most often seen in children aged 2 to 3 years, and is rare before 6 months of age and after 6 years of age. The disease is mainly related to emotions and can be triggered by emotional factors or physical stimuli. The breath-holding seizures are associated with iron deficiency in the body, and iron supplementation can reduce breath-holding seizures. The seizure is often preceded by an obvious trigger and starts with a sudden breathlessness and apnea, followed by cyanosis, loss of consciousness and convulsions, often with corneal inversion, and a normal EEG during the seizure. In contrast, children with epilepsy present with convulsions first and then cyanosis with specific EEG changes. Treatment should begin with making the child’s family understand clearly the mechanism of breath-holding seizures, not mistaking this for a mere behavioral problem, and even more so because to avoid the child’s emotional upset, the parents take a palliative approach before the child cries, which often reinforces the child to reach his or her own requirements with crying later and is more likely to cause breath-holding seizures, but rather to respond with calming behavior modification methods. During breath-holding episodes, especially in heavy children, parents should make the child lie on his or her side or back to avoid head injury and inhalation of foreign bodies; when there is obstruction, foreign bodies should be removed from the mouth and airway to keep the airway open.