Although dizziness, lightheadedness and vertigo are common clinical symptoms, their clinical manifestations and treatment principles are different due to the differences in their damaged target organs and pathogenesis, so they cannot be considered the same thing. For this reason, it is necessary to give you a warning. First, dizziness is mainly manifested as a persistent dullness of the mind, which is caused by a decrease in the function of the higher cortical nerve activity, unrelated to the activities of the head, neck and trunk. Most of them are accompanied by other clinical symptoms of neurological disorders or/and chronic somatic diseases such as head weight, head stuffiness and insomnia, which are aggravated by exertion and stress and alleviated by rest and relaxation. It is mostly seen in patients with neurasthenia or chronic somatic diseases. Dizziness is mainly manifested as intermittent light-headedness and unstable gait (balance disorder), mostly aggravated during movements such as standing, sitting, and lying, or when using the eyes. Clinically, the following are common: 1. Ocular dizziness is accompanied by blurred vision, which is caused by visual impairment or eye muscle paralysis. Dizziness is aggravated by opening the eyes or using the eyes, and relieved or disappears when the eyes are closed. The examination may reveal abnormalities in visual acuity or oculomotor function. It is most common in patients with refractive error (the most common), retinal macular degeneration and various congenital eye diseases that cause visual impairment, as well as extraocular muscle paralysis (often accompanied by diplopia). 2. Deep sensory dizziness, accompanied by a feeling of unsteadiness and cotton-like instability, is caused by deep sensation in the joints/tendons that cannot be accurately transmitted to cortical sensory areas due to sensory neuropathy in the posterior cord of the spinal cord or the peripheral sensory nerves of the lower extremities. The dizziness occurs during activities such as walking, standing, sitting, etc., and disappears when the movement is stopped, and is aggravated with eyes closed and in the dark, and reduced with eyes open and in the light (due to compensatory vision). On examination, there are neurological signs such as decreased muscle tone in the limbs, decreased or absent tendon reflexes and deep sensation. It is mostly seen in patients with neurological diseases such as subacute posterior lateral cord joint degeneration, posterior cord sclerosis and peripheral neuritis. Cerebellar dizziness is associated with drunken gait instability during walking and standing activities, and is caused by uncoordinated trunk and limb movements due to lesions in the cerebellar system. The dizziness mostly occurs during activities such as walking, standing, sitting, and lying, and disappears after the movement stops. On examination, there are cerebellar signs such as reduced muscle tone in the limbs, weakened tendon reflexes and cerebellar ataxia. It is most often seen in patients with cerebellitis, degeneration, vascular disease and trauma. 4. Otolithic dizziness is associated with a sense of instability during activities such as standing, sitting, lying, and turning, and is caused by dysfunction of the balance of the inner otolith. The dizziness mostly occurs in head position and/or trunk straight line activities and disappears after the movement stops. In the case of ellipsoidal otoliths, dizziness is only seen during activities such as squatting, standing up, and walking back and forth in a straight line; in the case of balloon body otoliths, dizziness is only seen during head swiveling, side turning, and right and left straight line activities; in the case of balloon angle otoliths, dizziness is only seen during up and down activities in the supine or prone position. Severe patients may also have autonomic symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Opening and closing the eyes is not affected (because vision cannot be compensated for). The otolith function and hearing examination on the sick side are often abnormal. It is mostly seen in patients with inner ear lesions such as Dandy syndrome. The main manifestation of vertigo is a sense of spinning, floating, drifting or tumbling in a certain direction (motor hallucination), which is caused by the lesion of the nerve endings of the medial vestibular canal, the afferent pathway or the vestibular projection area of the cerebral cortex, or the artificial stimulation such as auto-transformation and vestibular function examination, which triggers the spatial orientation and balance dysfunction of the human body. The vertigo is caused by the artificial stimuli such as autotransfer and vestibular function tests. The attacks of vertigo are indefinite and their duration varies. It can be triggered by overwork, excitement, insomnia, menstruation or excessive smoking and drinking. It is often accompanied by spontaneous nystagmus, misalignment, tilting, nausea, vomiting, etc. It is aggravated by eye opening, head movement and sound and light stimulation, and relieved when eyes are closed or lying still. There are abnormalities in the functional examination of the semicircular canal on the sick side. It is mostly seen in patients with Meniere’s disease and jugular crest stone disease.