The first few years after birth is the most rapid period of brain development, the newborn brain weighs 370 grams, 700 grams at 6 months (50% of the adult brain weight), 3/4 of the adult brain weight at 2 years old, and close to the adult brain weight at 4 years old. The nerve cells in the human brain proliferate from the first 3 months of gestation to 1 year of age after birth, after which time they no longer replicate or regenerate. In contrast, the proliferation of supporting cells that maintain the nutrition and conduction of nerve cells continues from late gestation to 2 years of age after birth. Before 2 years of age, good parenting stimulation has an important impact on brain function and structure, both physiologically and biochemically. I. Importance of early intervention 1. Critical period of brain development Brain science research has shown that there is a critical period in the process of brain development. The establishment of brain function during the critical period is easier than after maturation, and timely experience and stimulation during this period are important prerequisites for the normal development of motor, sensory, language and other higher brain functions. If an infant with congenital cataracts lacks visual stimulation from birth, the child will still permanently lose visual function if he or she cannot regain vision by age 3, even with surgical treatment. The most sensitive critical period for human vision is six months after birth and is generally considered to be 4-5 years long. The critical period for language learning is generally before the age of 5-6 years, therefore, pediatric deafness should be detected and intervened early in order to be deaf but not mute. 2. Critical Age for Early Intervention The earlier the early intervention, the better. Early intervention is called early until the age of 6 years, but better until the age of 3 years, preferably starting from the newborn. It is easiest to provide stimulation during this period to obtain a response, after which the response is either not available or not at the best level. However, although early is important, it does not mean that the environment and instruction do not work after early, because synaptic plasticity exists throughout life, and therefore, one’s learning can continue throughout life. Types of Early Intervention 1. Directly targeting the intervened infant, either individually or in groups. 2.Indirectly by instructing parents to train the subject of intervention, this method can improve the parent-child relationship. 3. Combination of direct intervention and parental guidance for infants. 4.Parents meeting. Third, the significance of early intervention According to the survey, the incidence of mental retardation in China aged 0-14 is 1.2%, and there are about 3 million children with mental retardation nationwide, of which about 20% are due to psychosocial factors and perinatal high-risk factors. The results of systematic research prove that early education from newborns can promote the intellectual development of normal children, prevent mental retardation caused by psychosocial factors, promote the intellectual development of perinatal high-risk children such as asphyxiated and premature children, and effectively prevent and treat mental retardation caused by perinatal high-risk factors.