Sebaceous nevus, also known as congenital sebaceous hyperplasia, is a developmental abnormality that is characterized by sebaceous gland hyperplasia. The exact cause of the disease has not been fully clarified. However, current medical research suggests that it is directly related to gene mutation. Sebaceous nevus often occurs at birth or shortly after birth, and is usually an organ-like nevus composed of dermis, epidermis, and epidermal appendages, and is a type of benign skin tumor. The cause of sebaceous nevus has not been elucidated. Normal genetic mutations may lead to the appearance of sebaceous nevus in the skin. Some patients may develop other skin tumors (e.g., basal cell epithelioma, papillary sweat duct cystadenoma, nodular sweat gland tumor, sebaceous adenoma, sweat duct tumor, etc.) on the basis of this disease. Rarely, the patient has a “neurocutaneous syndrome” with mental retardation, convulsions, eye abnormalities, bone deformities, and other changes. Treatment is recommended in the prepubertal period. Patients with nevus sebaceous need to go to the hospital in time and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of a doctor.