Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with progressive disease, a poor prognosis, and numerous comorbidities, such as lung cancer, during the course of the disease. In fact, the relationship between lung cancer and fibrotic lung disease was first described by Friedrich in 1939, and since then, studies have continued to show that patients with IPF are more likely to have lung cancer than the general population. The lack of effective treatment for both IPF and lung cancer after diagnosis, and the coexistence of the two, which is more detrimental to the prognosis of patients, has been of great concern.