The proportion of extensive local lymph node metastasis occurring in nephroblastoma is relatively low, so surgical resection is not very difficult and can be done in general hospitals. However, there is no biopsy of regional lymph nodes, and whether the tumor invades out of the peritoneum or whether there is implantation metastasis in the abdominal cavity is not recorded, which directly affects the tumor stage and then affects the program selection; intraoperative tumor rupture, improper protection, tumor cell dissemination occurs, and artificially elevates the tumor stage. It is able to cut, but not cut right, there are many improprieties. Then how should we do? Here are some principles we should follow: 1. Purpose of surgery: complete resection of tumor, avoiding tumor cell spillover during surgery; assessing the scope of tumor involvement and precise staging. 2.Surgical incision: trans-abdominal or combined thoracoabdominal incision, trans-lumbar back incision should be avoided because of: limited exposure and difficult operation; unable to complete tumor involvement scope assessment. 3.Tumor capable of resection: preoperative puncture biopsy or intraoperative excisional biopsy should be avoided because of the risk of elevated tumor staging. 4.Intraoperative exploration: routine exploration of the contralateral kidney is unnecessary unless preoperative imaging suggests possible involvement of the contralateral side. 5.Ureteral involvement: preoperative presence of blood clots in urine, presence of obstructive pelvic fluid or non-functional kidney should be examined by cystoscopy, and intraoperative resection of the mass together with the involved ureter should be taken as a whole block. Partial nephrectomy is not recommended except in the following cases: potential risk of developing bilateral nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor-related syndrome) with small tumor size; isolated kidney; horseshoe kidney; neonate with Denys-Drash or Frasier syndrome with the aim of delaying dialysis. 7. Bilateral nephroblastoma: preserve normal renal tissue as much as possible; postpone renal transplantation until 1-2 years after tumor resection to determine the absence of tumor recurrence and metastasis. 8.Lymph node biopsy: Lymph node biopsy of the renal hilum or parietal aorta should be performed, even if the appearance suggests that it may be normal. 9.Intraoperative marking: the tumor bed range and metastatic lymph nodes should be marked with titanium clips or silver clips to guide the postoperative radiotherapy plan development.