Accidental injuries, birth defects and malignant tumors rank among the top three causes of death and disability among Chinese children. According to the latest report on the prevention and treatment of birth defects in China, the current incidence rate of birth defects is around 5.6%, with the number of cases of congenital heart disease, which is the most prevalent, increasing by 2.56 times over the past 10 years, and 41 newborns per 10,000 births suffer from congenital heart disease. At the same time, the annual incidence rate of hematologic and other malignant neoplastic diseases in Chinese children under the age of 15 is 120 per 1 million population, and about 40,000 to 50,000 children suffer from various types of childhood cancer every year. High-age first births are the main cause of birth defects. From November 13th to 14th, the first China-US-Japan Pediatric Translational Medicine Forum hosted by Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC), affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, was held in Shanghai, where SCMC signed a contract with the globally renowned St. Jude Children’s Oncology Research Hospital (SJCORH) and Children’s National Medical Center (CNMC) of Washington, D.C., to carry out medical research cooperation on two major diseases, namely, birth defects and pediatric oncology, from the field of precision treatment respectively. The main cause of birth defects is the advanced age of primiparous labor, and the incidence of second births may increase The latest report on the prevention and treatment of birth defects in China shows that the ratio of birth defects in the causes of infant deaths in China has risen from the fourth place in 2000 to the second place in 2011, and the incidence rate of birth defects has reached about 5.6% among infants. Among them, the incidence of congenital heart disease, which has the highest incidence of birth defects, has increased by 2.56 times in the past 10 years, with 41 newborns suffering from congenital heart disease per 10,000 people. With the liberalization of the two-child policy, the question of whether or not an elderly woman can give birth to a healthy baby has become an issue of fear and entanglement for many families who wish to do so. Chinese pediatric congenital heart disease expert Prof. Liu Jinchuan said that the rising incidence of congenital heart disease is also related to the improvement of diagnostic technology to a certain extent, and the prenatal diagnostic technology and 3D precise virtual surgery technology brought by precision medicine have greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment level of congenital heart disease. Shanghai Children’s Medical Center completes more than 1,300 cases of fetal congenital heart disease diagnosis every year, and is the first in China to carry out fetal cardiac magnetic resonance examination, which can definitively diagnose the fetal heart condition at 16-18 weeks of pregnancy. “Advanced-age first births are an important cause of birth defects, and there is a big difference between first births over 35 years old and first births under 35 years old.” Liu Jinchuan admitted that with the liberalization of the two-child policy, it is bound to face an increase in fertility, especially in the number of pregnant women and high-risk pregnant women, although these women are not primiparous, but it may also lead to an increase in the incidence of birth defects to a certain extent. Liu Jinchuan said, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center in the surgical treatment of simple congenital heart disease, the annual operation of nearly 3,700 cases, the success rate of more than 98%. Among them, 50% of patients under 1 year old, 25% of patients under 6 months, the minimum birth time of 6 hours, the lowest birth weight of 1500 grams. At present, the use of computer reconstruction technology 3D construction of the patient’s anatomical model, can be more intuitive understanding of individualized cardiovascular anatomical structure, especially complex congenital heart disease patients individualized situation, accurate grasp of the heart defects in the form, size, location, degree, as well as the structure of surrounding tissues, changing the complex heart surgery in the past only rely on the experience of the attending surgeon and the clinical judgment of the situation. As a result, doctors can customize personalized and precise surgical plans for patients, reduce surgical trauma, decrease surgical time, and greatly improve the success rate of complex surgeries. The world’s first full gene sequencing for childhood leukemia is underway In addition to congenital heart disease, another major threat to children’s lives and health is malignant tumors. According to statistics, the annual incidence rate of hematologic and other malignant neoplastic diseases among children under the age of 15 in China is 120 per 1 million population, and about 40,000 to 50,000 children suffer from various types of childhood cancers every year. Professor Tang Jingyan, Consultant of Hematology and Oncology Department of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, said that due to the limited strength of a single hospital, in 2014, the pediatric center established the Multicenter Collaborative Group for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, and 20 major medical centers in the United Nations, including Hong Kong, to conduct multicenter collaborative research on pediatric leukemia. Currently, the 5-year survival rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center reaches more than 75%, the 5-year overall survival rate of neuroblastoma reaches 65%, renal tumors is 75%, and other solid tumors reach more than 65%, and the survival rate of post-transplantation for childhood aplastic anemia reaches 90%. President Jiang Zhongyi of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center disclosed that the pediatric center is cooperating with the U.S. side to be the first in the world to carry out the whole gene sequencing of 100 children with acute lymphoblastic fine thoracic leukemia from onset, remission to relapse, with the sample spanning the longest time up to 10 years, in the hope of finding a way to completely crack the leukemia from the genetic point of view. During this international forum, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center (SCMC) signed a contract with the world-renowned St. Jude Children’s Oncology Research Hospital (SJCORH) and the Washington National Children’s Medical Center (WNCMC) to establish the “Key Laboratory of Children’s Hematology and Oncology of the Ministry of Health – Joint Laboratory of SJCORH”, respectively, “Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine – Washington National Children’s Medical Center Joint Laboratory”, the two joint laboratories will carry out comprehensive cooperation in cell therapy technology, stem cell transplantation technology, the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease, the mechanism of rare disease gene mutation, etc., and is committed to provide the best service for the two major diseases of birth defects and childhood tumors. The two joint laboratories will carry out comprehensive cooperation in the areas of cell therapy technology, stem cell transplantation technology, the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease, and the mechanism of genetic variation of rare diseases, etc., and are committed to producing internationally influential research results for the two major diseases, namely, birth defects and childhood tumor.