Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common and multifaceted disease, and its occurrence is mainly related to gastrointestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, disorders of intestinal flora, and psychosomatic factors. Since there are many factors affecting the onset of the disease, the treatment effect is not ideal and it is easy to recur, among which dietary factors are the most common cause of gastrointestinal dysfunction. So how to adjust the diet of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction? Since there are many types of gastrointestinal disorders, the following is an introduction to several common types.
I. Functional esophageal disease
Functional esophageal disease mainly includes: functional heartburn, functional chest pain, functional dysphagia and pharyngeal heterosensitivity, etc. These diseases are mostly related to gastroesophageal reflux, improper diet can induce the recurrence of symptoms, so the diet requires attention to.
1, try to eat less food: the first type of food is greasy food. Mainly high-fat foods such as fatty meat, cream, and fried and pickled foods. The second type of food is spicy and stimulating food. For example, coffee, chocolate, cocoa, chili, cold drinks and carbonated beverages.
2, can increase the appropriate food: the first category is protein food. For example, lean meat, fish and shrimp, egg whites, skim milk, etc. The second type of food is rich in dietary fiber vegetables and fruits. General vegetables and fruits can be eaten by choice, but for leeks, parsley, fava beans and other vegetables should be properly controlled. And each consumption of fruit should not be too much, not too cold and too sweet.
3, control the amount and time of diet: do not eat too much too fast, it is recommended to eat less and more meals, generally breakfast, Chinese food can be eaten to seven or eight full, dinner five or six full can be, hunger can add meals, but a meal can not be too full, especially soup to drink in small portions. Especially 3 hours before bedtime, it is best not to eat, and do not drink water, to keep the stomach emptying before bedtime, to reduce the night gastroesophageal reflux.
Second, functional indigestion
Functional dyspepsia mainly shows epigastric pain, epigastric distension, early satiety, belching, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms, the onset of symptoms are mostly related to diet, so the diet should pay attention to the following points.
1, try to avoid the food: the first category is irritating food, such as coffee, wine, chili, mustard, pepper, etc.. The second category is gas-producing foods. Some foods are easy to produce gas and make patients feel full, but whether the food will cause discomfort due to gas production varies from person to person and can be restricted or not according to personal experience. Common foods include: milk, chocolate, high-fat foods, high-sugar foods, onions, leeks, rice cakes, dumplings and fried foods, as well as ice-based foods, should pay attention to the choice.
2, can choose the food: the first category is easy to digest, light food, such as millet porridge, red date porridge, pumpkin porridge, yam porridge, etc.. The second category is fresh vegetables and fruits, such as carrots, apples, spinach, oleander, etc.
3, diet should be regular and quantitative: three meals should be regular, chew slowly when eating, chew fully, so that a large amount of saliva secretion, in order to facilitate the digestion and absorption of food, you can eat less and more meals, meals can not be too full, it is recommended to eat seventy to eighty percent full.
4, good eating environment: mood and gastrointestinal function is closely related, so you should keep a relaxed mood when eating, do not eat with emotions, do not eat while working or watching TV or playing with cell phones, etc.
Three, irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome mainly shows recurrent abdominal pain and bloating, as well as changes in bowel habits. About 2/3 of patients’ uncomfortable symptoms may be related to a certain food, so adjusting the diet can alleviate the occurrence of symptoms.
1. Avoid intolerant foods: Some patients with irritable bowel syndrome may be intolerant to a variety of foods, and professional testing is required to know which foods are intolerant to. The 14 common tests currently available include beef, chicken, cod, corn, crab, eggs, mushrooms, milk, pork, rice shrimp, soy, tomatoes and wheat. If you find the foods you are intolerant to through food intolerance testing and avoid intolerant foods, you can get rid of intolerance. According to the test results, foods are divided into three categories: avoid, rotate and safe to eat. If there are many intolerant foods, foods with moderate and severe sensitivity can be listed as contraindicated and foods with mild sensitivity can be included in the food rotation.
2, low hair diffuse (FODMAP) diet: recent studies have shown that a low hair diffuse diet can improve the symptoms of 50% to 80% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. FODMAP food is actually easily fermented food, mainly oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols, common fruits, vegetables, nuts and food additives are FODMAP food. The total intake of fermented foods in the daily diet is generally 15-30g/d. The low-fermented diet emphasizes the control of the total daily intake of fermented foods down to 5-18g, rather than avoiding a certain food completely. The low-fat diet can be implemented in three phases. The first phase is the “restriction phase”, in which all foods rich in hair manga are strictly restricted for 4-8 weeks. The second phase is the “reintroduction phase”, in which the reintroduction of foods is gradual and the tolerance level of different foods is determined. The third stage is the “individualization period”, according to the degree of tolerance of individuals and choose different dietary habits and long-term adherence.
3, avoid irritating food: nearly half of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome have abdominal pain, diarrhea and increased bowel movements after eating cold and spicy foods, as well as drinking alcohol and caffeinated beverages. This is because stimulating foods can affect gastrointestinal motility, absorption and mucosal permeability, and increase gastric acid secretion and colonic motility activity. Some foods can also stimulate transient receptors to lower the threshold of nociception, which in turn can cause abdominal pain and other discomfort. Therefore, patients with irritable bowel syndrome should try to avoid eating cold, spicy and irritating food.
4, increase soluble dietary fiber: dietary fiber is divided into soluble fiber and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber can significantly improve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, while insoluble fiber tends to aggravate the symptoms. Therefore, patients with irritable bowel syndrome can eat more soluble fiber, soluble dietary fiber mainly exists in pectin and gum, common barley, beans, carrots, citrus and other fruits are also rich in soluble dietary fiber, it is recommended to start with a low dose of soluble fiber (3 to 4g per day) and gradually increase to 20 to 30g per day as tolerated, but it should be noted that adding too much too fast may aggravate the original However, it should be noted that too fast an increase may aggravate the existing abdominal pain and bloating and other discomfort.
Fourth, functional constipation
Functional constipation is also known as habitual constipation, which is mainly related to irregular eating, less intake of dietary fiber and insufficient water intake, so it is very important to adjust the diet.
1, drink more water: drink more water can make the intestinal cavity to keep enough water to soften the stool, so as to achieve the purpose of treating dry stool.
2, increase dietary fiber: mainly fresh vegetables and fruits and coarse grains, such as celery, leeks, bananas, apples, sweet potatoes, coarse grains, kelp, nori, etc.
3, appropriate consumption of gas-producing foods: such as onions, soybeans, radishes, etc. to stimulate intestinal peristalsis and facilitate defecation, but patients with significant abdominal distension should be used with caution.
4, appropriate increase in fat food: normal weight, blood lipids are not high constipation patients, can eat more food containing fat. People with high blood lipids can add more vegetable oil when cooking. In addition, drink some honey also has the effect of laxative.