What is development? Development is the maturation of the central nervous system and the structured development of cognitive, psychological, and behavioral functions in response to somatic, physiological, and environmental factors. Development is the process by which a child acquires daily living skills and adapts to different situations. Development is a self-organizing process, influenced by internal and external factors and driven by interactions and experiences; it is a dynamic and complex process characterized by bursts, stagnation, and re-bursts, and involves critical periods of development at different ages. What are some of the components of development? Early life development involves the following five major energy zones: 1. Communication skills: the ability to use oral language, body and postural language, and written language to acquire and share information 2. Gross motor skills: movements involving the large muscles of the head, neck, trunk, and limbs, including the ability to hold up one’s head, turn one’s body over, sit, crawl, kneel, stand, walk, run, jump, etc. 3. Fine motor skills: the ability to involve the small muscles of the mouth, face, hands and feet in the performance of activities of daily living and the ability to use the small muscles of the hands and feet in the performance of activities of daily living. Problem-solving skills: attention, memory, imagination, thinking, calculation, etc. 5. Personal-social skills: mood, emotion, interaction, imitation, participation, friendship, etc. What is a developmental disability? Developmental disorders are age-inappropriate mental or physical conditions that are characterized by developmental delays or deviations in one or more of the above functional areas. The prevalence rate of various developmental disorders among children under 5 years old is reported to be around 15% in foreign countries, and the major developmental disorders include the following: global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID), cerebral palsy (CP), motor developmental delay (MDR), and cerebral palsy (CP). CP); Motor developmental delay (MD); Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Specific language impairment (SLI); Delayed acquisition of milestones; Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) congenital chromosome abnormality syndromes; and other congenital and acquired encephalopathic disorders. Each of these diagnoses is clearly labeled in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). How to detect developmental disorders at an early stage? 1. Correctly recognize the early symptoms Hyperinhibition: too quiet, little movement, flaccid and weak, slow reaction, unable to smile, do not recognize people Hyperexcitability: easy to provoke, crying for no reason, jerking, sleep disorders, allergic to sudden sound or position change, excessive shock Body stiffness, abnormal movement posture, uncoordinated movement, laboriousness. Abnormal eye movements, abnormal auditory responses Difficulty in feeding and care It is worth noting that the cortical development of small infants, especially those under 3 months of age, is still imperfect, and the above early symptoms are affected by a variety of factors, not all of which are related to brain injury or developmental disorders, and must take into account the aspects of feeding and care, gastrointestinal problems, problems with other organs of the body, environmental factors, etc., combined with a comprehensive physical examination and perinatal factors to make a comprehensive analysis and judgment. The combination of a thorough physical examination and perinatal factors should be analyzed and judged. Absolutely can not be right, subjective, jump to conclusions, so as not to bring unnecessary harm to the baby. Familiarize yourself with the age and developmental procedures of the normal pediatric milestones Whether it is the parents or the health care practitioner, you should familiarize yourself with the sequence of milestones in the five energy zones of development, especially the development of the child within one year of age. 3, pay attention to pediatric neurology and rehabilitation medicine specialist checkup Only specialists can better make correct interpretation and judgment of abnormal muscle tone; identify abnormal posture and behavior; determine the clinical significance of various physiological and pathological reflexes; and help to choose reasonable auxiliary examination and interpretation of the examination results. 4. Correctly recognize that development is a dynamic process, and the diagnosis of developmental disorders requires time. On the one hand, some of the so-called early abnormalities are not always symptoms of brain injury or developmental disorders, unless there is a clear structural injury, a clear cause of perinatal brain injury, and really serious developmental problems; on the other hand, mild developmental problems usually delay until after entering kindergarten or elementary school to show symptoms. Therefore, the monitoring of developmental disorders must be dynamic, multidisciplinary, and long-term follow-up, and the results of a particular test at an early age cannot be used as the sole basis for developmental disorders. The American Academy of Pediatrics and relevant organizations and departments in European countries have guidelines or recommendations for developmental monitoring of children with developmental disorders that we should learn from: all children should receive health counseling and health care services in a network of primary child health care organizations, and developmental status should be monitored through regular check-ups, and developmental screening should be conducted for those with suspected abnormalities, and those who have positive screening results must be referred to a pediatric neurorehabilitation specialist to provide medical behavioral and developmental assessment and to make correct decisions. (c) Provide medical behavioral and developmental assessments, make correct diagnoses and differential diagnoses, and give guidance on family interventions or include them in specialized rehabilitation management for chronic disabilities.