Adolescence is an important stage in the development and growth of adolescents, and is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood. During this transitional period, due to the influence of the nervous system and endocrine, the external form of the human body, bodily functions, psychology, intelligence, mind, will, behavior and other aspects have obvious development than in childhood. For example, height and weight increase rapidly, all parts of the body undergo huge changes, and the whole organism matures gradually. It is because the growth and development of children in adolescence are faster than other periods, so adolescence can be said to be the most critical period of growth and development of children. 1, the three stages of puberty Many parents understand that when their child begins to “develop”, it is the beginning of his growth spurt. However, they do not know when puberty begins. Sometimes it takes a long time to reach puberty before they suddenly realize that their child is shorter than their peers, which is likely to have missed the growth spurt and cause lifelong regrets for the child. Usually, puberty is 8-15 years old for girls and 9-17 years old for boys, and consists of three stages: pre-puberty – a milestone in life Usually, when girls start to develop breasts and boys start to have enlarged testicles and a growing penis, it means the beginning of puberty for children, when children start to become adults. The “change” is caused by the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of the endocrine system, which results in accelerated growth, a change in physical appearance from childhood and gradual mental maturity, and a gradual transformation to an adult physique and physique. The growth acceleration during puberty occurs in mid-puberty, about six months to a year after breast development in girls and before voice change in boys. The rate of height growth is about 5-7 cm per year in the undeveloped period, while the height spurt can be 6.4 to 11 cm per year for about a year. There are individual differences in the rate of growth. The “catalysts” for height gain are the two main endocrine hormones growth hormone and sex hormone, in addition to thyroxine and other hormones. The normal secretion of these hormones is a prerequisite, but satisfactory growth also depends on the amount of hormone secretion and the coordination of timing. The amount of sex hormones in mid-adolescence is significantly higher than that in childhood, but lower than that in adulthood, which is the optimal amount for growth promotion and can be optimally coordinated with growth hormone. The magnitude and duration of the growth spurt have an important impact on adult height. However, some children have little or no growth acceleration, which usually has a pathological basis, such as underlying chronic wasting disease, malnutrition or even endocrine abnormalities, and should be examined in time to avoid losing the height that should be increased. Growth deceleration in late adolescence Some people say that when the first menstruation of girls appear or boys after the change of voice will not grow taller, which is a misconception. After the sudden increase in mid-puberty, the gonads (ovaries or testes) develop further and secrete significantly more sex hormones than in mid-puberty, so that the aforementioned coordination of sex hormones and growth hormones begins to disappear, causing growth to decelerate. At the same time, the high level of sex hormones accelerates bone maturation, causing the epiphysis (the growth area of bone) to begin to fuse, and growth stops when the epiphysis and the backbone are completely fused. Girls generally almost stop growing at the age of 15, while boys can be about 2 years late. Girls can grow another 3-5 cm on average after menarche, and boys can grow another 5-10 cm after changing their voices. 2, the development of early and late to be vigilant 16-year-old boy height is only 1 m 53, although already shorter than his peers half a head, but the mother still always think that boys develop late, but also “leap” high. It is because of this blind belief that children can still “jump” high, many children miss the best period of growth. In contrast, some parents see that their children enter puberty earlier than other children and begin to “leap” taller early, and also higher than their classmates, so they feel very secure. However, the child is actually precocious, and when other children start to develop normally, their own children not only do not grow taller, but also end up being shorter than their peers. By then, it is too late for treatment. 3, bone age – growth potential judge traditional concept that children have “early growth late growth”, “twenty-three leap a scamper” children to 20 years old can still grow. In fact, these views are not scientific. To determine whether the child can still grow, how much can still grow, not based on the actual age of the child, but to the child’s bone age shall prevail, to understand the child’s bone age, that is, to understand how much growth potential of the child, parents should take the child to the regular hospital to test the bone age. Doctors usually take x-rays of the child’s wrist and determine the age by the appearance of the ossification center, the development of the bone mass, and the degree of healing of the epiphysis and the bone stem. The size of the bone age is not always the same as the child’s biological age, but depends on the individual’s growth and development, sometimes the child is six months old and the bone age has increased by 1.5 years or even 2 to 3 years. Generally speaking, if the bone age of girls is more than 15 years old, and if the bone age of boys is more than 1 7 years old, most of the children’s epiphyses have already closed, and the chance of growing taller is very small. 4. Early attention, early intervention Once parents find that their adolescent children are shorter than their peers or growing slowly, they should go to a regular hospital for consultation and treatment in a timely manner. The sooner you understand the epiphyseal healing situation, the better you can intervene to treat your child,. Do not blindly wait or try to take all kinds of health care products to increase the height of your child. The ingredients of health care products on the market are unknown and will not improve the height of your child, but will promote the maturation of the bone age and accelerate the closure of the epiphysis. Do not wait until your child’s epiphysis is healed before you think of testing the age of your bones. For children who are short due to genetics or poor physical condition, even if the growth hormone level is normal, if scientific intervention treatment is taken before epiphyseal closure, it can promote the child’s height. For other pathological conditions. For example, growth hormone deficiency, also known as “dwarfism”. For these children, treatment during puberty is more critical. A large number of clinical studies have shown that children with growth hormone deficiency can significantly improve their final adult height after applying growth hormone treatment during puberty. 5.Some advice and suggestions 1.Adequate sleep: According to research, the secretion of growth hormone is three times higher in the sleep state than in the waking state. In the early and middle prepubertal stages, sex hormone secretion is also mainly secreted at night, so sufficient sleep helps high growth rate during puberty. 2, strengthen the daily exercise, such as: jump rope, basketball and swimming; exercise can promote growth exercise can stimulate the secretion of growth hormone. Numerous studies have observed that the height of teenagers is related to the amount of exercise, and the growth rate of those who exercise less is low. 3, nutrition: to ensure adequate daily nutrition, but pay attention not to over-nutrition.