Hysteroscopic surgical treatment of intrauterine fibroids

  Hysteroscopic treatment of uterine fibroids is a very mature technique and a very common technique. Then hysteroscopic treatment of fibroids, for the treatment of submucosal fibroids, it must be less than 5 cm, if it is too large, it depends on your equipment and experience.  Submucosal fibroids and intermural intramural protrusions, and penetrating fibroids, all intrauterine fibroids, can be said to be a very good alternative, a procedure of choice, a procedure that is not controversial and a procedure that gives the surgeon the greatest sense of accomplishment. Because after this procedure, it is very effective in terms of fertility improvement and in terms of bleeding control, so it is almost 100% effective in relieving symptoms and controlling bleeding, and this procedure has been widely spread.  Indications: First of all, its size is limited to 5 centimeters or less, but not limited to those with conditions, experience, ability, or special volume. The so-called special volume is the hard diameter line may be very long, but the other diameter lines are narrower and still can be done. The second is to exclude malignant cases. The third must be symptomatic. Of course, submucosal fibroids are asymptomatic and sooner or later symptoms will appear, so this one is not particularly practical.  Another is the depth of the uterine cavity, we talk about the length of the uterine cavity is 12 cm, this is because the effective working length of the hard mirror we usually use is 19 cm, and then subtract 7 cm of the length of the vagina, it can only reach 12 cm, if this uterine cavity is too long, then it is impossible to reach the base, in addition, if there is a cesarean section, it has adhesions between the anterior wall of the uterus and the abdominal wall, then this fibroid can not be cut This will also cause some difficulties.  We can use Laminaria, which is a Japanese preparation, and we also have domestic ones, our own cervical dilation sticks, mifepristone and misoprostol. For uterine fibroids and uterus, GnRHa, Danazol, Nemetholone, Mifepristone can be used.  The main post-operative management is: first, all our tissues must be sent for case histological examination. The second is the postoperative prophylactic estrogen application, which stimulates accelerated epithelialization of the endometrium and prevents uterine adhesions, especially in multiple submucosal myomas. It is suitable for those with more exposed surfaces in the uterine cavity and larger trauma, especially for those with low estrogen status in the body caused by the preoperative application of GnRHa, and the postoperative application of estrogen is beneficial.  There is also abdominal pain and spasmodic contractions of the uterus, which should be differentiated from uterine perforation. There is also vaginal drainage, because of the large trauma in the uterine cavity, its epithelium is not repaired and there can be a lot of plasma exudate, but we should exclude some excessive plasma discharge caused by the prolapse of the residual myoma.  The complications are the same as other hysteroscopic procedures, first of all is bleeding, some bleeding can be very serious, some bleeding is not stopped by the pressure of the balloon in the end, and the long time of balloon pressure can lead to necrosis of the myometrial wall, and BIC is also reported in the literature, so the use of balloon should also be cautious, and bleeding should not be forgotten. There is also uterine perforation, fluid overload and hyponatremia due to excessive absorption of through-flow fluid, especially with monopolar hysteroscopic electrodes.  Postoperative impact on fertility: Postoperative can significantly improve the pregnancy rate. It significantly reduced the spontaneous abortion rate, which was reduced from 69.33% to 11.11%. The procedure not only relieves anemia, but also has a great benefit for infertility, and for promoting fertility.  This procedure is the first choice for the treatment of intrauterine fibroids. It has the advantages of one-day surgery, short recovery time, symptom relief rate of even 99%, reoperation rate of less than 16% at 9 years of follow-up, high fertility rate after surgery, few uterine ruptures during pregnancy, only 2 cases of uterine rupture during pregnancy have been reported so far, compared to open surgery and laparoscopic myomectomy, the chance of uterine rupture is extremely rare.  If the endometrium is removed at the same time, the fibroids are removed and the endometrium is removed at the same time. It can have a postoperative no-menstrual rate of 95.5%, and the risk of reoperation is reduced to 8% at 6 years of postoperative follow-up. Then, if the endometrium is removed at the same time, its bleeding is greatly improved, so its risk of reoperation is also reduced.