Children are the treasure of their parents, and they are usually very distressed by the bumps and bruises, not to mention the surgery for them. Parents are always worried and fearful when they think that their children have to undergo surgery for hydrocele, worrying about the effect of anesthesia on their children, whether their kidneys can be saved, whether the surgery is effective, whether it can be minimally invasive, and so on. Today, we will talk to parents about the series of questions about pediatric hydrocele surgery. How is hydrocele surgery done? Do I need to cut my kidney? At present, 99% of children’s kidneys can be saved if they choose surgery for pediatric hydrocele, and my department has never seen any kidney that cannot be saved. Pediatric hydronephrosis surgery is usually a one-time cure, and the common surgical procedure is called dissection ureteroplasty. The procedure is to surgically cut off the thinner section of the renal pelvis and ureter, and then connect the two remaining ends (also called “anastomosis”), so that the cause of the obstruction is removed and urine can flow out smoothly. Can I have minimally invasive surgery for hydronephrosis? Can minimally invasive surgery be done is a concern of parents. In the Department of Pediatric Urology of Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, minimally invasive surgery can be done for children over two months old, but the specific surgical plan should be discussed with the parents together according to the child’s condition. What is the difference between minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery and traditional open surgery? The advantage of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery is that the wound is small and aesthetically pleasing. Even though the incision in our hospital is now only 1.5 centimeters, it is still larger and more visible than the incision in minimally invasive surgery. But whether it is traditional open surgery or minimally invasive, the end result is actually the same. Many parents worry whether the surgery will affect the kidney function. This worry is superfluous. Both open and minimally invasive surgeries go directly to the obstructed pelvis and ureter, and do not touch other places, so there is no damage for sure. Moreover, the surgical method of disconnected pyeloureteroplasty has a history of almost 100 years, and the surgical technique is very mature.