Obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS) in children is a series of pathophysiological changes caused by frequent partial or total upper airway obstruction during sleep, which disrupts the normal ventilation and sleep architecture during sleep. Common causes of OSAHS in children include: 1. Nasal: chronic rhinitis, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, posterior nostril atresia and nasal masses are common. 2. Nasopharynx and oropharynx: The most common causes are tonsillar hypertrophy, adenoid hypertrophy, other causes are tongue hypertrophy, fat accumulation due to obesity, pharyngeal and nasopharyngeal masses, etc. 3. Larynx: congenital laryngeal cartilage softening, laryngeal webbing, tracheal atresia, etc. OSAHS in children mainly manifests itself in daily life as sleep snoring, open-mouth breathing, repeated awakening during sleep, dyspnea, enuresis, hyperhidrosis, hyperactivity, etc. Untreated OSAHS can lead to serious complications. Such as sinusitis, secretory otitis media, etc. Prolonged open-mouth breathing can result in significant developmental deformities of the jaw and face – “adenoid face”. Severe cases can lead to hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and even right heart failure, and studies have found that the disease is closely related to sudden infant and child death. Some children also have neurocognitive deficits, such as learning difficulties, behavioral abnormalities, and attention deficits. Recent studies have shown that children with sleep disordered breathing disorders have poor academic performance, and many have improved academic performance after adenotonsillectomy. The literature reports that children with OSAHS with growth disorders have a tendency to have accelerated height and weight growth after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. Diagnostic methods for OSAHS in children include history, physical examination, lateral nasopharyngeal radiographs, fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, snoring recordings, application of video, pulse oximetry, and multichannel sleep monitoring (PSG). Currently, nocturnal multichannel sleep monitoring (PSG) is the standard method for diagnosing sleep breathing disorders and can be performed in children of any age. The principle of treatment is early diagnosis and early treatment with a comprehensive surgical-based approach to remove upper airway obstruction factors and prevent and treat complications. The main focus is the removal of tonsils and adenoids. Therefore, parents must pay attention to their children’s sleep and go to the hospital in time for any problems. The Second Artillery General Hospital of the PLA has an advanced U.S. low-temperature plasma ablation surgical system, which can provide minimally invasive surgical treatment to children with little trauma, fast recovery and good results.