Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are lymphatic tissues located in the midline of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx (the back of the nasal cavity, above the oropharynx), which under normal physiological conditions develop to their maximum at the age of 6 to 7 years and then gradually shrink and basically disappear in adults. If the adenoids are overgrown and cause symptoms, it is clinically called adenoid hypertrophy, which is a pathological phenomenon. There are many reasons for adenoid hypertrophy, including inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses, inflammation of adjacent areas, repeated stimulation of the adenoids themselves, such as recurrent episodes of acute and chronic rhinopharyngitis, and various acute infectious diseases in childhood, all of which can lead to adenoid hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and adenoid hypertrophy aggravates the blockage of the posterior nostril, which in turn can aggravate the inflammation of the nose and sinuses. Because the adenoids are located in the ear, nose and throat, the symptoms are diverse. The symptoms caused can be divided into local and systemic symptoms. Local symptoms: 1, adenoid hypertrophy can lead to nasal obstruction, secretion accumulation in the nasal cavity, manifested as nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal voice in speech, snoring and open mouth breathing at night; 2, blocking the pharyngeal canal pharyngeal mouth, causing eustachian tube dysfunction and middle ear pressure reduction, eventually leading to secretory otitis media. The symptoms are hearing loss, stuffy ears, tinnitus, and sometimes acute purulent otitis media with ear pain; 3, hypertrophic adenoids and mucopurulent secretions can block the posterior nostrils, resulting in the accumulation of secretions in the nasal cavity and sinuses, so it can induce inflammation of the nose and sinuses, manifesting as long-term nasal congestion and runny nose symptoms; and chronic nasal The treatment of chronic nasal-sinusitis is also very difficult; 4, long-term secretions flowing downward can stimulate the respiratory mucosa, causing intermittent, paroxysmal cough, easy to complicate the bronchitis; 5, long-term nasal congestion and open-mouth breathing can cause facial bone development disorders, such as the maxilla becomes longer, hard palate high arch, upper incisors protruding, dental malocclusion, jaw drooping, thick lips, upper lip upturn, lower lip The adenoid face is formed by the hanging of the nasal septum and the deviation of the nasal septum, coupled with mental depression and dull facial expressions. Systemic symptoms: 1, nasopharyngeal secretions are often swallowed into the stomach by the child, which can cause gastrointestinal activity disorders, resulting in anorexia, vomiting, indigestion, and then malnutrition; 2, adenoid hypertrophy can also cause thoracic deformities (such as chicken chest), night terrors, dreaming, urination, teeth grinding, slow reaction, inattention, irritability and other symptoms; 3, in addition, long-term airway obstruction, lung hyperventilation, will cause an increase in pulmonary artery pressure, which can lead to right heart failure in severe cases. Of course, these symptoms are very rare in clinical practice. Snoring in children can also be caused by other reasons, such as nasal polyps, nasopharyngeal tumors, tonsillar hypertrophy, tongue hypertrophy, and malformation of maxillofacial development. If adenoids are found to be blocking more than two-thirds of the posterior nostril and the clinical symptoms are obvious, it can be considered as adenoid hypertrophy and needs to be treated. These children also need routine examination of the oropharynx, as adenoid hypertrophy is often accompanied by enlarged palatine tonsils. If the child is uncooperative, a lateral nasopharyngeal radiograph or CT scan can be done to determine the presence of adenoid hypertrophy based on the thickness of the soft tissue in the nasopharynx, but these tests are often less intuitive than nasal endoscopy. Of course, it is not necessary to consult a doctor when children snore. For example, snoring can also be caused by cold or acute adenoiditis, and the snoring symptoms can gradually disappear after the infection is controlled. However, if a child continues to snore and breathe with open mouth for more than a month, attention should be paid to whether the snoring is caused by adenoid hypertrophy, etc. If a child has recurrent secretory otitis media, purulent otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis, and the effect of regular sinusitis treatment is not good, it is necessary to routinely check whether the snoring is caused by adenoid hypertrophy. Of course, some children do not snore every day but intermittently, but if the time exceeds three months, it is still recommended to consult a doctor for examination. At present, the treatment for adenoid hypertrophy is to treat it with topical steroids (such as endosulphan, rhinocort, etc. – a type of nasal spray) for one month, and if the treatment is not effective, surgery is needed to remove it. If the snoring is caused by adenoid hypertrophy, as the removal of the hypertrophic adenoids relieves the cause of obstruction, immediate effect can be received, and the snoring symptoms can disappear immediately; and if the adenoid hypertrophy causes secretory otitis media or chronic sinusitis, after the removal of the hypertrophic adenoids relieves the cause of the disease, together with drug treatment, the above diseases can be controlled to be cured quickly. The latter method is preferred because it can fully expose the posterior nostril, posterior inferior turbinate, eustachian tube and all the adenoids, with clearer vision, less trauma, less bleeding and more complete removal. Adenoids surgery usually requires removal under general anesthesia, so hospitalization is required, and the cost of hospitalization is about 8000-12000 RMB. Generally, children can be discharged after 3 to 5 days of observation if there is no fever and no bleeding in the surgical cavity. Nowadays, it is more common to use nasal endoscopic low-temperature plasma ablation technique to remove adenoids to achieve a state of little or no bleeding, or even basic bloodlessness, and the child can be discharged on the second to third day after surgery.