One third of human life is spent in sleep, everyone hopes to have a good sleep, good sleep is a necessary condition for work, study and life, however, with the economic development, the popularization of electronic devices, human movement and activities to reduce the dietary structure of the more and more unhealthy, the increase in the number of obese patients, more and more people suffer from snoring, snoring is not only to affect each other under the same roof, snorers The snoring not only affects each other under the same roof, but also has a more serious impact on the snorers themselves. Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is defined as more than 30 repeated episodes of apnea or sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 times/hour during 7 hours of sleep per night and accompanied by clinical symptoms such as drowsiness. Apnea is defined as the complete cessation of nasal and oral airflow for more than 10 seconds during sleep; hypoventilation is defined as a decrease in the strength (amplitude) of respiratory airflow of more than 50% from the basal level during sleep, accompanied by a decrease in oxygen saturation of ≥3% from the basal level. Sleep apnea hypoventilation index (AHI) is the number of apneas plus hypoventilation per hour of sleep time. In layman’s terms, a normally unobstructed airway allows air to move freely in and out of a person’s lungs. When the airway is blocked, breathing temporarily stops for 10 or so seconds or even minutes, and in severe cases such pauses can occur up to several hundred times a night. The patient’s body is deprived of oxygen, and the patient often awakens or even has difficulty entering deep sleep; such pauses and deprivation of oxygen lead to constant awakening, fragmented sleep, and lack of adequate sleep. Risk factors for sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome 1, obesity; 2, alcohol consumption; 3, smoking; 4, anatomical abnormalities in the nasopharynx; 5, use of sedative drugs; 6, neuromuscular hypoplasia; 7, genetic. Self-perceived symptoms of sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome 1, snoring; 2, daytime sleepiness; 3, morning headache, dizziness, dry mouth; 4, unexplained high blood pressure; 5, increased nocturia; 6, male hypogonadism; 7, unresponsiveness, memory loss, decreased efficiency at work and study, and lack of concentration. Potential Dangers of Sleep Apnea Hypoventilation Syndrome 1, Hypertension; 2, Heart disease; 3, Cardiac arrhythmia; 4, Stroke; 5, Other hypoxia related diseases 6, Traffic accidents caused by fatigue while driving. How is it diagnosed? Patients who are suspected to suffer from apnea and hypoventilation syndrome should consult or consult a specialist for sleep monitoring, which can be diagnosed or excluded according to the results. Classification 1. Obstructive sleep apnea, i.e., apnea caused by upper airway obstruction during sleep, manifested by the cessation of oral and nasal airflow while thoracic and abdominal respiratory maneuvers still exist. It is a kind of sleep respiratory disease that involves multiple systems and causes damage to multiple organs, and is an independent risk factor for hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, stroke and other diseases. 2.Central sleep apnea, i.e., the simultaneous cessation of oral and nasal airflow and thoracic and abdominal breathing movements. It is mainly due to the dysfunction of the respiratory center of the central nervous system or the lesion of the nerves or respiratory muscles that innervate the respiratory muscles, although the airway may not be blocked, the respiratory machine can not work normally and lead to respiratory arrest. Mixed sleep apnea, i.e., the co-existence of the above two, starting with central apnea, followed by obstructive sleep apnea. Reduced tidal volume during sleep, i.e., a decrease in respiratory airflow of more than 50% of the normal airflow intensity, accompanied by a decrease in oxygen saturation of more than 3% is known as hypopnea or hypoventilation). Scale Severity Apnea Hypoventilation Index Minimum Oxygen Saturation Mild 5-15 breaths/hour 85%-90% Moderate 15-30 breaths/hour 80%-85% Severe ≥30 breaths/hour ≤80% How to treat? First of all, good lifestyle habits are recommended: weight control; sleep in the side-lying position; stop smoking, alcohol and sedative drugs; and keep the nasal passages clear. Treatment can be categorized into non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment Non-surgical treatment 1.Transnasal continuous positive airway pressure breathing. This method is currently the most effective non-surgical treatment for OSAHS. CPAP is like an air expander of the upper airway, which can prevent the passive collapse of soft tissues during inspiration and stimulate the mechanoreceptors of chin and tongue muscles to increase airway tension. It can be used as a therapy alone or in conjunction with surgical procedures, but it is difficult for the average patient to adhere to over time. In foreign countries, especially in the United States, most patients can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect through CPAP treatment, while in China, the vast majority of hospitals, due to cognitive problems, the vast majority of patients are still treated with surgery. 2. Various kinds of orthodontic appliances. Wearing a special orthodontic appliance during sleep can elevate the soft palate, traction tongue active or passive forward, as well as mandibular advancement, to achieve the purpose of expanding the oropharynx and hypopharynx, improve breathing, is one of the important aids, but it is ineffective for severe patients. Surgery Surgery is the basic method of treating OSAHS, and the purpose of surgical treatment is to reduce and eliminate airway obstruction and prevent airway soft tissue collapse. The choice of which surgical method is based on the site of airway obstruction, severity, presence of morbid obesity and general condition. The following surgical methods are commonly used. 1, tonsil and adenoidectomy: this type of surgery is only used for pediatric OSAHS patients. 2.Nasal surgery: For those with nasal airway obstruction due to curved nasal septum, nasal polyps or enlarged turbinate, septoplasty, nasal polyps or turbinate resection are feasible to alleviate the symptoms. 3.Tonsillectomy + palatal ptosis palatopharyngoplasty (UPPP): after removing the enlarged tonsils, the back edge of the soft palate which is too long for the palatal ptosis and the flaccid pharyngeal side wall mucosa are removed, and the mucosa of the pharyngeal side wall is stretched forward to be tightly stitched together, so as to relieve the purpose of the soft palate and the oropharyngeal level airway obstruction, but it can’t lift the lower pharyngeal airway obstruction, so the indications should be chosen well. 4.Tongue shaping or tongue tissue ablation: by tongue hypertrophy, megaglossia, tongue root displacement, tongue root tonsil enlargement, feasible tongue shaping or tongue partial ablation. Snoring has become a major type of disease that plagues the modern society, including children, adult patients, elderly patients, healthy and regular lifestyle is the prerequisite for a good night’s sleep, so let’s pay attention to our health, pay attention to sleep!