1.Mouth and lip closure exercise The patient can be allowed to hold a large button with a lacing in the mouth, the operator pulls the lacing, the patient closes the mouth and lips against it, and tries not to make the button come out. The patient can also be trained by pulling the corners of the mouth or turning up the corners of the mouth, puffing the cheeks, resisting puffing the cheeks, etc. 2.Tongue muscle training Ask the patient to try to stretch the tongue forward or on both sides, touch the corners of the mouth on both sides with the tongue to practice tongue flexibility; use the tongue depressor to resist the root of the tongue to practice tongue root elevation. This training method can improve the tongue’s control of food and the ability to deliver food to the pharynx. 3.Cold stimulation training Dip a frozen cotton swab into a little water or use a cold laryngoscope to gently stimulate the patient’s soft palate, palatal arch, posterior pharyngeal wall and tonsils. The tonsillar angle is regarded as the best position to cause the gag reflex, and the patient is instructed to do swallowing at the same time. If the vomiting reflex appears, the stimulation should be stopped immediately. If there is excessive salivation, cold stimulation of the salivary glands on the affected side of the neck can be performed three times a day for 10 minutes. Repeated cold stimulation can induce swallowing reflex, inhibit saliva secretion and reduce salivation. 4.Jaw movement training Ask the patient to open the mouth as much as possible, then relax and move the jaw to both sides. For patients with difficulty in opening the mouth, cold stimulation or gentle massage can be applied to the spastic muscles to relax the occlusal muscles, and through active and passive movements, patients can experience the sensation of opening and closing the jaw. In order to strengthen the muscle strength of the bite muscle, the patient can be allowed to practice biting down on the tongue depressor with the molars. 5, upper and lower lip training Wear gloves and put the thumb and index finger on the inner and outer sides of the upper and lower lip, pull up or down 5 to 10 times, and repeat at least 3 times a day. For patients with poor oral alertness and abnormal muscle tone, this method can improve facial sensation and reduce or improve cheek muscle tone. 6.Muscle group movement training Refers to the movement of the lips, tongue, teeth, soft palate, pharynx, larynx and jaw muscles, including lip retraction, teeth clasp, tongue extension, tongue curl, cheek puffing, blowing, coughing and other actions. 7.Promote swallowing reflex training Massage the thyroid cartilage to the cartilage below the jaw with your hand, which can cause up and down movement of the jaw and back and forth movement of the tongue, and then cause swallowing. This method can be applied to patients who have food in their mouth but do not produce swallowing action. 8.Breath-holding training Inhale deeply from the nasal cavity, then hold your breath and perform empty swallowing, and cough immediately after swallowing. Breath-holding swallowing can make the vocal chambers occluded and the air pressure in the vocal chambers increased, so that food is not easy to enter the trachea when swallowing, and coughing after swallowing can clear the food residue retained in the pharynx.