Depending on the site of compression, patients often present with different clinical symptoms. If the compression site is in the cervical segment, the patient may experience neck and shoulder pain, reflex pain and numbness in the upper limbs; if the compression site is in the lumbar segment, the patient may experience low back pain, lower limb numbness and cauda equina syndrome. Patients with severe disc herniation will experience foot drop, urinary and faecal disorders, and abnormal sensation in the saddle area.