Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder of the intestine, an independent disorder of bowel function with a specific pathophysiological basis. It is characterized by the absence of organic lesions of the intestine, i.e., no adverse findings on examination, but excessive or paradoxical physiological response of the entire intestine to stimuli. The manifestations are abdominal pain, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea, sometimes with large amounts of mucus in the stool. The onset of the patient is mostly in the context of psychological factors, which play an important role in the formation and development of the syndrome.
Symptomatology
Patients who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome generally present with GI symptoms and symptoms outside of the GI tract, but the general examination is normal, and the diagnosis of the syndrome is basically made.
I. Gastrointestinal symptoms
1. Abdominal pain: In patients with irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain is the most prominent, mostly located in the lower abdomen or small abdomen, intensifying before defecation and worsening after feeding, mostly appearing in the early morning at 4~5 am.
2, diarrhea: often mucus diarrhea or watery diarrhea, can be several times a day, or even dozens of times, and often have a feeling of incomplete defecation and unpleasant discharge.
3, bloating: some patients can appear bloating, and often accompanied by constipation or diarrhea, to the afternoon or evening for heavy, anal exhaustion or defecation after bloating can be reduced.
4, constipation: mostly seen in female patients, mostly manifesting dry stools, difficult to discharge, only a few days or even a dozen days to solve a stool; some patients commonly alternate between constipation and diarrhea.
Second, the symptoms outside the digestive tract
Patients suffering from this symptom overreact to various external factors, manifesting as distraction, anxiety, depression, insomnia and dreaminess. Some patients are accompanied by frequent urination, urgent urination, and incomplete defecation. Other patients may experience sexual dysfunction.
What are the treatment methods
Since the etiology and clinical manifestations of the syndrome vary greatly from one individual to another, the treatment should be individualized and the corresponding treatment plan should be formulated for the patient’s condition, specifically the following methods.
I. General treatment
1. Psychotherapy: It is the key to the treatment of this syndrome. Patients should build up confidence to fight against the disease, eliminate tension and fear, and actively cooperate with the treatment in order to recover as soon as possible.
2. Diet regulation: Patients should take easy-to-digest, easy-to-absorb, low-fat and moderate protein food as the main food, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Avoid – some too cold, too hot, high fat, high protein.
Avoid – some too cold, too hot, high fat, high protein and stimulating food. In particular, you should restrict the foods that directly induce this sign.
Drug treatment
Some patients may not have a great effect with any medication. Therefore, when treating this sign with medication, it is necessary to choose carefully and avoid abuse, so that the medication can really achieve the purpose of treatment and not cause adverse effects.
1. For patients with mental tension and serious insomnia, take Valium 5 mg orally every night before bedtime, or use Glutamine 20~50 mg 3 times a day to regulate the plant nervous function.
times a day to regulate the function of the plant nerves.
2, abdominal pain mainly, in addition to the conventional use of atropine, belladonna, calcium channel blocker isoproterenol or nifedipine 10 mg sublingual or oral, 3 times a day, to reduce abdominal pain and the number of bowel movements.
3, diarrhea is the main, available easy to stop 2 mg, 3 times a day. For severe diarrhea, a small dose of codeine phosphate 15 mg 3 times a day or chlorphenesinamide may be used as appropriate.
4, mainly constipation, dry stool, available paraffin oil 20 ml, 3 times a day, or take blood laxative laxative; can also be used open plug, glycerin suppositories into the anus, so that the anal lubrication, to facilitate the discharge of stool.
5, if the stool is mucus stool, available anti-inflammatory pain 25 mg, 3 times a day, to inhibit the synthesis of prostate function, to reduce mucus secretion.
How to help patients with psychological adjustment
The cause of irritable bowel syndrome is not very clear, but it is certain that mental and psychological factors are the main cause of this syndrome. Therefore, the application of psychotherapy is more effective than drug treatment in the treatment. Patients should first eliminate unnecessary fears and doubts, and build up confidence to overcome the disease; family members and friends around should not be disgusted or disliked. Sometimes, when family members see that the patient’s test results are normal, they think that the patient is pretending to be sick and ignore him or her, and even ridicule and abuse him or her, which will not help the patient, but will make the patient more nervous and depressed, thus aggravating the disease. Patients should also patiently tell their friends and relatives about their condition, so that they can really understand your condition and seek medical advice together.
In addition, once suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, one should adopt a positive and optimistic attitude, be calm and self-possessed, actively treat the disease, but also reasonably arrange work, life and rest, so that the disease can be controlled to some extent and reduce mental sorrow and pain, which in turn will lead to an increase in appetite and enhanced rest quality. Therefore, conditioning the psychological state is the key to the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.