The pathogenesis of myopia is still unclear and may be related to the following factors: 1. Genetic factors. If one or both parents are highly myopic, the incidence of myopia in children is high, while the genetic inheritance of moderate to mild myopia is uncertain. 2. Premature birth. Premature babies have a low life expectancy and need oxygen, which can cause retinal edema and liquefaction, leading to an increase in the eye axis. 3, nutritional deficiency. Foreign data show that the lack of protein, vitamins, calcium and chromium affect the development of the crystal and the development of the eye wall.4. Environmental factors. The most important factor is the unhygienic use of eyes, prolonged close eye use, uncontrolled watching TV, playing video games, playing piano, etc., so that the eyes are in a state of strained regulation for a long time. The incorrect posture of reading and bad reading habits make eye adjustment very laborious, which easily causes visual fatigue and contributes to the occurrence of myopia. The prevalence of myopia in China remains high and has leaped to the first place in the world. It is high time to prevent and control myopia scientifically and delay the increase of myopia. We need to take comprehensive measures to prevent myopia by improving the environment, paying attention to eye hygiene, reducing the study burden of students, and paying attention to the nutritional balance of children.