Pterygium is a common ophthalmic disease that can be treated medically or surgically depending on the size of the lesion. The causes of pterygium are mainly related to the individual’s physical condition and the surrounding living and working environment. The disease is more likely to occur in people who work outdoors for a long time and live in highland areas, where they are prone to get the disease due to long-term UV radiation, sand and dust stimulation. Therefore, people who work outdoors for a long time should pay attention to protective measures, especially when the sun is strong and sandy, wear protective glasses and reduce outdoor working hours. If the pterygium is small and the patient does not have any symptoms, it can be temporarily observed and left untreated, and protection can be taken care of in daily life. The procedure can be performed by combining pterygium excision with autologous conjunctival flap transplantation. If the patient is in an acute inflammatory phase, the inflammation should be treated first and then surgery should be performed after the inflammation has resolved.