As early as 1860, Wilshire proposed that the cervical ribs were the cause of compression of the brachial plexus nerve; in 1947, Adson pointed out that one of the factors causing thoracic outlet syndrome was abnormalities in the neck structure, including factors such as longer neck segments and elevated subclavian artery; in 1948, Weber proposed that the lesser oblique muscle was the factor causing compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus nerve, and later through Wright, Roos, Dellon, Gu Yudong and other scholars’ in-depth studies have given us a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the disease today. in 1994, based on the study of the anatomy of neck and shoulder pain, Chen Desong et al. proposed that the dorsal scapular nerve entrapment is an atypical thoracic outlet syndrome and one of the common causes of neck and shoulder pain, which has received the attention and recognition of relevant experts at home and abroad. in 1995, they studied the In 1995, they found that the anterior and middle oblique muscles originated from the anterior and posterior nodes of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, not from the anterior nodes of the C3-6 transverse processes and the middle oblique muscles from the posterior nodes of the C2-7 or all the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae as described in domestic and foreign anatomy textbooks, which means that the nerve roots of the brachial plexus 5, 6 and 7 The fibro-tendinous tissues of the anterior and middle oblique muscles that pass through the crossed origins of the anterior and middle oblique muscles. They also found that in many clinical cases of neck and shoulder pain with decreased muscle strength of ipsilateral shoulder abduction, muscle strength could be restored immediately and sensation of the upper extremity could be improved by closing the painful point in the neck, and they confirmed intraoperatively that most of the upper trunk compression patterns in thoracic outlet syndrome were compression of the nerve roots of the brachial plexus 5 and 6 at the beginning of the crossing of the anterior and middle oblique muscles. Also they saw clinically and anatomically an arching of the lesser oblique muscles to the lower trunk and especially to the T1 nerve root. It is also currently believed that because the brachial plexus nerve is confined to a small gap in the neck, and a thick subclavian artery passes anteriorly from the lower trunk within this gap, and if there is tough connective tissue, variant muscle tendons or bony tissue making this gap even smaller, it only takes a small trauma such as falling to the ground with the hand propped up, and due to reactive protection of the head, the posterior cervical musculature contracts strongly at the same time , the anterior, middle and small oblique muscles also contract strongly, and it may cause a slight clamp injury to the brachial plexus nerve, or a small local edema may cause pain and discomfort and abnormal sensation in the upper extremity of the patient, so many patients develop, and the trauma may be the earliest trigger, and the patient himself does not notice it. On the basis of in-depth clinical and anatomical research, Chen Desong et al. also found that C2, 3, and 4 nerve roots are similarly wrapped in the starting point of anterior and middle oblique muscles and the starting point of other cervical muscles, which can also cause stuck pressure and produce symptoms, and found many cases of clinical compression of nerve roots from C1 up to T2, and even abnormal limb muscle strength of the limbs, trunk, head and face from the top of the head to the toes, also accompanied by Hearing and smell impairment, through local sealing and surgery, the abnormal sensation, muscle strength loss and hearing and smell impairment from scalp, cervical-facial, thoracic-abdominal, back up to the whole upper and lower limbs were relieved. The research in this area is worth continuing in depth. They also found clinically that the etiology of a portion of patients with persistent tennis elbow may also be mainly in cervical nerve root entrapment. They also found by intraoperative electromyography that deep sensory stimulation of the lateral elbow was received in C5 to T1 nerve roots, with the highest evoked potentials in C 7. In a model using rats, horseradish peroxidase was injected lateral to the elbow to search for horseradish peroxidase in the cervical 5-thoracic 1 spinal ganglion, and it was found that there was far more horseradish peroxidase in the spinal ganglion of cervical 7 than in the other cervical ganglia. At the same time, they cured a large number of patients with persistent tennis elbow by performing C7 nerve root closure, and perhaps a significant proportion of tennis elbow is actually a mid-stem thoracic outlet syndrome that has not been formally mentioned. In addition, it was noted that both excitation and inhibition of cervical sympathetic nerves may affect peripheral nerve regeneration and nerve conduction velocity.