1.Positioning: Supine position: Pillow under the affected limb, requiring the pillow to start from the posterior side of the knee joint (N fossa) and then extend backward 10 cm (marked by the red vertical line in the figure) from near to the heel gradually rising in a slope, so that the affected limb is elevated, which can prevent the discomfort of posterior suspension of the affected knee joint, and also prevent the occurrence of knee flexion contracture when the pad is placed at the N fossa for a long time. In addition, this position also promotes blood circulation in the affected limb, reduces postoperative limb swelling, and increases patient comfort. This position is suitable for most patients after bone and joint surgery of the lower extremities, such as after hip and knee replacement, femur and tibiofibular fracture, knee and ankle fracture and ligament injury, etc. It is generally required to maintain this position as much as possible during bed rest, if you feel tired or after 2-3 hours, remove the pillow or cushion and put the affected leg directly on the bed (the purpose is to avoid shortening of the hip flexors), and alternate between the two positions for no 2-3 hours. Good postoperative position placement will greatly promote patient comfort and prevent postoperative related complications (lower limb venous thrombosis), creating favorable conditions for later rehabilitation. 2.Muscle strength training: the isometric contraction (static contraction, no movement of the joint) of quadriceps, N muscle and gluteus maximus (mainly gluteus maximus) in bed and “ankle pump” training are the main exercises. Isometric contraction of the quadriceps, N-flexor, and gluteus maximus muscles (no movement of the joint) and “ankle pump” exercises. This will also slow down the process of muscle atrophy caused by surgical stimulation and postoperative local braking, creating favorable conditions for later rehabilitation. (Note: the above actions can be performed alternately on the healthy leg, and do not neglect the muscle strength exercises of both upper limbs). The yellow and black arrows in the above diagram represent the direction of force application or limb movement trend, and the red and yellow markers represent the target muscles of contraction. Ankle pump training: can be combined with the position posture in bed to perform upward hook foot surface – downward tense foot surface – ankle joint around the three movements (the following figure), in turn to complete a training, 20-30 times / hour.
hour. Both legs should be performed simultaneously, slowly and in full range. Ankle pump training Ankle pump training is suitable for most patients after lower limb bone and joint surgery, such as after hip and knee joint replacement, femur and tibiofibular fracture, and periprosthetic bone and ligament injury, etc. However, this movement is suspended in the early stage after periprosthetic bone and ligament injury, and is carried out according to medical advice after certain healing of the bone and ligament occurs. Postoperative ankle pump training combined with correct body position can effectively prevent the occurrence of lower extremity venous thrombosis and create favorable conditions for later rehabilitation. Note that the yellow and black arrows in the diagram represent the direction of ankle joint movement.