Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common neurological disorder of the brain, and it is mainly manifested as severe pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve on one side of the face, with paroxysmal recurrent attacks, such as pain like pins and needles, electric shock, knife cutting, etc. It can be easily triggered by washing the face, brushing teeth, eating and talking. It can be easily triggered by washing, brushing teeth, eating and talking. It affects normal life very much. The pain can be triggered by some small movements, causing great pain to the patient. There are many causes of trigeminal neuralgia, but the most common clinical cause is vascular compression, which is caused by vascular pulsatile compression at the trigeminal sensory roots into the pontine brain (REZ), which is thought to be the intersection zone between the central and peripheral myelin sheaths, without Schwann’s cell wrapping, and is particularly sensitive to pulsatile and transverse compression prone to microvascular compression. In terms of treatment, after the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia is confirmed, the doctor will advise the patient to take drugs such as carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine first. In the early stage of the disease, taking medication can basically achieve complete pain relief. However, if the pain is still recurring, the patient takes a large amount of medication, and there are obvious side effects, surgical treatment can be considered, and there are many surgical methods advertised, so the patient needs to choose carefully. If the cause of trigeminal neuralgia is vascular compression, the most suitable surgical method is microvascular decompression, which is a general anesthesia surgery that starts with a hole about a dollar coin behind the ear (affected side). This is done by using intracranial instruments to separate the blood vessels that are compressing the trigeminal nerve roots and placing decompression material between the nerve and the vessels so that the vessels no longer compress the nerve roots. This provides a radical solution to the trigeminal neuralgia and has an immediate effect. Microvascular decompression is effective in treating trigeminal neuralgia without damaging the nerve, and has now become the surgical method of choice for trigeminal neuralgia. On the other hand, in a few patients, the onset is caused by obvious factors such as tumor compression, inflammation, vascular malformation, trauma and functional lesions, and the pain is often said to be persistent, and signs of lesions in the adjacent structures of the trigeminal nerve can be detected and treated more easily.