Uterine fibroids are a common disease among women, and many women suffer from them, either because of increased menstrual flow and changes in menstruation, or in severe cases, because of anemia, or because of pressure symptoms such as frequent urination or difficulty in defecation due to the size of the fibroids. When these symptoms occur, surgical treatment is often the only way to relieve the pain. For patients with fibroids, obstetricians and gynecologists often choose the surgical procedure based on their age and decide whether to preserve the uterus. For women who do not need to preserve their fertility, hysterectomy is often one of the treatment options, which can be done transabdominally, laparoscopically, or through the natural female cavity (vagina), depending on the surgical approach. The transnatural hysterectomy for women with uterine fibroids is known professionally as “non-prolapsed hysterectomy transvaginal”, as opposed to the negative hysterectomy for patients with uterine prolapse. This procedure first originated in the 1820s, but although it has a long history, it was not widely used because it was considered difficult to perform and had many complications. With the recent development of sterilization technology, anesthesia, antimicrobial agents, and changes in surgical instruments, it has again received the attention of scholars at home and abroad since the 1950s. According to the literature, transvaginal hysterectomy for non-prolapsed uterus has accounted for 61%-90% of total hysterectomy in Europe and America. With the pursuit of minimally invasive concept by patients and doctors, scholars in China began to pay attention to this procedure in the 1990s, and Professor Song Lei represents the school of minimally invasive gynecological surgery. It is easy and convenient; the operation is limited to the lowest part of the pelvic cavity, avoiding abdominal contamination; no intraoperative intestinal tube needs to be drained, with little intestinal stimulation and fast recovery of intestinal function after surgery, and the incidence of postoperative intestinal adhesions, peritonitis and intestinal obstruction is lower than that of laparoscopy; the high cost of laparoscopy is not required. In addition to patients with uterine fibroids, transvaginal hysterectomy is also suitable for patients with adenomyosis, precancerous cervical lesions and endometrial precancerous lesions, and can also be performed transvaginally for nuclear removal of uterine fibroids and ovarian cyst debridement. In today’s world of improving women’s quality of life and advocating minimally invasive technology, gynecological transnatural cavity surgery will have a broad application prospect and can relieve more women of their pain.