The labia are part of the female external genital organs, including the labia majora and labia minora, which act as two “gateways” to protect the vaginal opening and urethra from contamination. During a woman’s childhood, the two labia are close together with a slight gap in between. After puberty begins, the outer labia begin to grow pubic hair, while the inner labia are smooth and moist. After puberty, the inner part of the labia grows slightly raised dots, which are oil glands. These glands secrete oil to maintain lubrication in this area. The labia minora are on the inner side of the labia majora, also divided into two pieces, which are the second gateway to protect the vagina and urethra. The labia minora are not visible during childhood and begin to increase in size during puberty. The labia minora are smooth and moist inside and outside, and there are rich nerve endings distributed on them, which is one of the sex sensitive areas. When sexually excited, the labia minora become engorged and swollen, and their volume can increase by two to three times, which can increase the effective length of the vagina by more than one centimeter. Although the labia are small, they are an “eventful area” where many diseases can occur and affect women’s health. Itchy vulva Itchy vulva is an extremely common condition in women. The common causes of itching are: allergy to chemical fiber underwear. Sweat impregnation, sebaceous gland secretions irritation, trichomonas, mycotic infections, leucorrhoea, vulvar eczema, vulvar neurodermatitis. Bullous dermatitis, drug dermatitis, etc. There are also causes such as vulvar leukoplakia and vulvar dryness. Leukoplakia vulvae can be confined to the vulva or diffuse around the anus. In the early stage of the disease, the vulva is edematous, and later the skin becomes thick and white, rough and cracked, with unbearable itching. Vulvar leukoplakia is considered to be a precancerous lesion and should be monitored and treated promptly. Vulvar dryness The basic lesion of this disease is atrophy and dryness of vulva. Firstly, the skin of labia majora becomes thin and red, followed by atrophy of labia minora, receding clitoris and narrowing of vaginal opening, which even affects sexual life. If bacteria invade the chapped skin, it can also cause atrophic vulvodynia. Itching is not only characteristic. Sclerosing lichen planus vulvae This disease is endocrine-related and occurs mostly before menarche and after menopause. It begins with polygonal, yellowish-white papillae on the vulva, which are tinea-like. In late stages, it hardens and atrophies, and the labia become thin. It can also be oddly itchy, so that there are often scratch marks on the labia. Addendum: Therefore, vulvar itching should be examined, not simply “just wash it away”.