Autologous hair transplantation is the process of surgically redistributing the remaining healthy hair to the area of hair loss and is currently a direct and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of permanent hair loss. There are many causes of permanent hair loss, the most common being male and female androgenetic alopecia, scarring alopecia from trauma, burns, infections and tumor removal, and scarring alopecia from certain cosmetic surgery incision sites. The new hair after autologous hair transplantation retains the original characteristics in terms of color, texture, growth rate, quantity and hair growth cycle, thus achieving the purpose of treatment. According to a survey, about 30% of adults in China have hair loss and baldness problems, and with the accelerated pace of social life and the increase of study and work pressure, the trend of hair loss among young and middle-aged people in China is further increasing, which makes people look old and hinders their appearance. Androgens and estrogens are the main factors controlling hair growth, they have specific stimulating or inhibiting effects on hair growth in different parts of the body, and sex hormones also affect the beauty of hair, estrogen makes hair soft and lustrous, androgens make hair hard and thick, once the body sex hormones are out of balance, hair abnormalities may occur. Some scholars have shown that the density of hairs within each square centimeter is 124-200, the density of hair follicles is 65-80, and the distance between two hair follicles is 1-1.4mm. In Chinese people, it will be natural if 40% density of hairs is planted. Treatment: Non-surgical treatment is based on internal medicine (such as Paulownia to block the peripheral conversion of testosterone to DHT), Chinese herbal medicine, and topical western medicine, but it is difficult to see the effect of these methods in the short term. Surgical treatment, on the other hand, focuses on male androgenetic alopecia and scarring alopecia. Clinical results are immediate and well received by clinicians and patients. Hair transplantation simply makes the patient appear to have more hair. In young balding patients, the surgeon must also take into account the natural raising of the patient’s hairline as he or she ages. Intra-operative precautions: the donor area is cut in strict accordance with the principle of suture tension-free, otherwise a patchy scar will be formed, and in severe cases the scar will be too wide not to grow hair while the surrounding hair cannot be covered; in addition, attention should be paid to determine the direction of the incision according to the direction of hair growth, so as not to damage the hair follicles and cause the risk of insufficient transplantation in the donor area or necrosis of the re-grafted hair; or a vertical incision is also used to reduce the damage to the hair follicles to some extent, and the anesthesia process uses The physiological saline swelling technique is used to reduce the cross-cutting of the hair follicles, and lower temperature physiological saline is used for the preparation of anesthetics during the whole process, local cooling of the donor area and the recipient area and the placement of the grafts, and the humidity of the hair follicles is always maintained to prevent dehydration due to dryness of the hair follicles. The factors that determine the success rate of the surgery are mainly whether the hair follicle units are dehydrated and whether the hair follicles are damaged during the separation of the hair follicles. The hair follicle separation time is long, so how to preserve the hair follicle is the key to the success of the operation. Complication prevention: hair transplantation has few complications, but such as intraoperative blood seepage, infection, endogenous hair and foreign body reaction, hair embryo sagging or protrusion, low hair density, scar formation in the recipient area will occur from time to time; blood seepage treatment: mild blood seepage after surgery is normal. Sterile gauze dipped in hydrogen peroxide can be used to gently compress the oozing, avoid stimulating food before and after surgery, and temporarily prohibit alcohol. Infection, as long as the surgery is carried out after strict disinfection, usually no infection will occur. Scab treatment: Small blood scabs will form in the surgical area within a few hours after surgery, and these small scabs should be touched within 10 days after surgery, and the scabs will fall off on their own within 2 weeks. Swelling management: You can elevate your head and apply an ice pack to the graft 48 hours after surgery. Hair washing time: You can start washing your hair 3-4 days after surgery. However, be careful not to pick and scratch with fingers. Post-operative follow-up: new hair starts to fall off 2-6 weeks after surgery, new hair starts to grow in 10-20 weeks, initial results can be seen in six months, better results in 9 months. Epidermal-like cyst formation, which occurs less frequently, is usually caused by the formation of adhesions of the graft epithelium under the epithelium. It is usually treated with local heat and removal of surface scabs, and incision and drainage can be performed if necessary. Careful handling during surgery can prevent the formation of epidermal-like cysts after transplantation. Hair loss caused by transient surgery, also known as terminal alopecia. Some patients will experience hair loss around the transplanted area 2 to 4 weeks after surgery, but it is only temporary and will regrow after about 2 to 3 months. Patients should be made aware of this to avoid psychological burden. Transplant failure, rarely occurs. It may be caused by unreasonable preoperative design, irregular intraoperative operation, too large or too small incision in the recipient area resulting in graft loss or too much extrusion, etc. Appropriate postoperative sedation is necessary to relieve postoperative discomfort. The success of the surgery is not only attributed to the efforts of the surgeon, but some scholarly studies have shown that patients with a good state of mind and physical fitness also increase the satisfaction of the outcome. Hair transplantation is a team effort that requires not only a solid theoretical foundation and extensive clinical experience, but also at least a number of clinical technicians who are systematically trained and skilled in hair graft preparation and transplantation.