Neonatal pneumonia is a common disease in newborns. Early respiratory symptoms and signs are not obvious, especially in premature infants, making early diagnosis difficult, and is an important cause of neonatal death. Neonatal pneumonia can be divided into infectious pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia according to its nature. Infectious pneumonia is more common in newborns, and the infection can occur before birth, during delivery and after birth. The pathogens are mainly bacteria and viruses, with a few caused by fungi, chlamydia, and protozoa. 1, the treatment of infectious pneumonia: (1) strengthen care, monitoring and warmth: room temperature 23-25 ℃, humidity 50%, newborn skin temperature of 36.5 ℃. (2) Oxygen supply and strengthen respiratory management: keep the airway open and give nebulized inhalation if necessary. Provide oxygen to maintain blood PaO2 at 8-10kPa (60-80mmHg), usually with hood oxygen, oxygen flow 5L/min. when pneumonia with type I respiratory failure with continuous positive end-expiratory pressure oxygen administration. Severe cases require tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. (3) Antimicrobial agents: the principles of medication are the same as those for sepsis, sputum culture should be done promptly, and antibiotics should be selected according to the drug sensitivity, and antimicrobial agents for gram-negative bacilli should be selected for pneumonia contracted in utero or during delivery. (4) Supply adequate nutrition and fluids. (5) Symptomatic treatment. 2, aspiration pneumonia is one of the symptoms of respiratory distress in the early neonatal period, if the fetus in utero or during delivery inhaled a large amount of amniotic fluid called amniotic fluid aspiration pneumonia; if inhaled amniotic fluid contaminated with meconium called meconium aspiration pneumonia; after birth inhaled a large amount of milk to the lungs called milk aspiration pneumonia. The key to the treatment of aspiration pneumonia is to clear the airway and improve ventilation and oxygenation.