Women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer have several treatment options available to them, including removal of the affected breast, removal of both breasts, or preservation of the breast in combination with radiation therapy. A new study evaluated the differences in adoption and mortality rates of these treatment options in these women. Study ImplicationsThe use of bilateral mastectomy in patients with unilateral breast cancer is on the rise. Because this surgical option can lead to medical and psychosocial complications, a better understanding of its use and outcomes is important to optimize cancer treatment. The aim of the study was to compare the adoption rate and postoperative mortality of bilateral mastectomy, breast-conserving treatment combined with radiotherapy, and unilateral mastectomy.