Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor of unknown etiology and slow growth. It occurs in adolescents between the ages of 5 and 20, with a male to female ratio of approximately 2:1. How to diagnose osteoid osteoma? In terms of clinical manifestations, it is mainly pain in the affected area, intermittent pain, gradually aggravated, and pain at night is the characteristic manifestation. In addition, it can be rapidly relieved after taking salicylic acid drugs or NSAIDS-type drugs, which is also its characteristic manifestation and has diagnostic significance. On imaging, osteoid osteoma located in the backbone of long bones is characteristic, and its typical x-ray presentation is a small round, translucent nest surrounded by varying degrees of osteosclerosis. The nest is usually a round or oval shiny area less than 2 cm in diameter, located at the center of the lesion, with osteosclerotic reaction around the lesion. In addition, a typical x-ray presentation is the “bull’s eye sign”: a round, translucent nest with a circular calcified shadow in the center. The diagnosis is usually not difficult and can be confirmed by intraoperative pathology. How is osteoid osteoma treated? The key to surgical treatment is the complete removal of the nest. Minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery is also available for periarticular osteoid osteoma, such as around the femoral neck and knee joint, with very satisfactory results.