The three main stages of labor include the first, second and third stages of labor, as follows: 1. The first stage of labor: from formal labor to full opening of the uterus, i.e., the opening of the uterus to 10 cm, usually takes 10-12 hours for primiparous women and 6-8 hours for transitional women. 1. clinical manifestations: regular contractions, dilatation of the uterus, descent of the fetal dew, rupture of the fetal membranes; 2. labor observation and treatment: observe the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions, as well as the duration, intervals, and relaxation of the uterus. The frequency, intensity, duration, interval and relaxation of the uterus should be observed. If there are 3-5 contractions in 10 minutes, it is considered as effective labor force, which can make the cervical canal disappear, the opening of the uterus dilate and the fetal first dew drop. If there are more than 5 contractions in 10 minutes, then the contractions are too frequent. In addition, the dilatation of the uterine orifice and the descent of the fetal first dew can be checked by vaginal palpation, and the rupture of the fetal membranes can be observed. In case of rupture of membranes, the fetal heartbeat should be checked immediately, the nature of amniotic fluid should be observed, the time of rupture of membranes should be recorded, and the body temperature should be measured. Second stage of labor: the period of fetal delivery, i.e. from the opening of the uterus to the delivery of the fetus, which usually takes 1-2 hours. 1. clinical manifestations: the fetal membranes rupture naturally, the mother has a reflexive defecation feeling, and the fetus is delivered. 2. labor observation and treatment: closely monitor the fetal heartbeat and contractions, conduct vaginal inspection every hour or when there is abnormal condition, instruct the mother on the method of exertion, and prepare for delivery. The third stage of labor: placenta delivery period, i.e. from fetal delivery to placenta delivery, which takes about 5-15 minutes, but not more than 30 minutes. 1. clinical manifestations: the uterine body becomes hard and spherical, the umbilical cord exposed outside the vaginal opening extends by itself, a small amount of vaginal bleeding, and the placenta is discharged from the vagina. 2. treatment: clean the newborn’s airway, perform Apgar score and umbilical artery blood gas analysis, handle the umbilical cord, assist placenta delivery. The newborn’s airway should be cleaned, Apgar score and umbilical artery blood gas analysis should be performed, the umbilical cord should be treated, and the placenta should be delivered. In case of soft birth canal laceration, immediate suture treatment is required. The exact duration of the three main stages of labor varies according to individual circumstances. It is recommended that women should coordinate with the doctor during labor to help the fetus deliver smoothly. If the delivery is not possible, a cesarean section should be performed in time to end the delivery and ensure the safety of mother and baby.