Deafness is the most common cause of speech and language communication disorders, and the incidence of neonatal deafness is 1 to 3/1000. Previous clinical diagnostic methods have failed to accurately answer the questions of deaf families. However, with the completion of the Human Genome Project and continued research into the causative mechanisms of deafness, it has been discovered that at least 50% of congenital deafness is caused by genetic factors, known as hereditary deafness. Non-syndromic deafness (NSHI) accounts for 70% of inherited deafness, and approximately 77% of NSHI is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. To date, more than 100 disease-associated loci have been localized and more than 60 disease-associated genes have been cloned. The detection of deafness-causing genes using genetic diagnosis technology can clarify the deafness-causing gene mutations in most patients with hereditary deafness, making prenatal diagnosis possible for families with hereditary deafness. GJB2 gene is one of the most common genes of hereditary deafness and is closely related to congenital deafness, and the onset of symptoms in patients with mutations is mostly prelingual deafness or hearing loss from the age of 1 to 10. 2. SLC26A4 gene – autosomal recessive inheritance. It can cause enlarged large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, which manifests clinically as congenital and acquired deafness, and the occurrence or aggravation of deafness is associated with trauma and cold. Subjects carrying this locus should try to avoid head trauma, colds, etc. 3. Mitochondrial (MtDNA) 12S rRNA gene – Maternally inherited, mitochondrial inheritance. It is closely and directly related to drug-related deafness caused by aminoglycosides. Through this gene test, we can effectively predict the existence of drug-induced deafness gene, so as to avoid the tragedy of “one shot to deafness”. 4. GJB3 gene – autosomal recessive inheritance. This gene was cloned for the first time in the world by academician Xia Jiahui from Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. It is associated with high frequency hearing loss, and its phenotype is high frequency neurological deafness in both ears starting from the age of 5 to 10 years old, with progressive aggravation. 5. COCH gene – the dominant genetic non-syndromic deafness with the highest incidence. Post-academic deafness, high frequency, onset in the 30s, more rapid progressive development, manifestation of vestibular dysfunction. 6. WFS1 gene – low frequency (<2000hz< span="">) hearing impairment, relatively mild degree of hearing impairment (around 50dB), age of onset 5-30 years, unless slow progression due to age-related hearing loss. wolfram syndrome: progressive ocular atrophy, insulin The WFS1 gene is inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner. 7. POU3F4 gene – X-linked inheritance. Pre-academic deafness, profound, neurological or mixed deafness with vestibular hypofunction.