Moyamoya disease (Moyamoya disease) is a hemorrhagic or ischemic disease of the brain caused by primary stenosis and occlusion of the end of the internal carotid artery and the appearance of an abnormal vasodilated network at the base of the brain; it was first discovered by Japanese scholars and called moyamoya disease because cerebral angiography showed an abnormal vascular network shaped like smoke (Moyamoya in Japanese). The cause of smog is not well understood, and many related diseases are thought to be associated with the etiology of the disease, such as inflammation (inflammation of the neck, tuberculous meningitis, leptospirosis arteritis, etc.), sickle cell anemia, immunodeficiency disease, and Down syndrome, and whether there is a familial genetic factor has not been established. The disease is most often seen in children and young adults. The common clinical manifestations are transient ischemic attacks, strokes, headaches, seizures, and mental retardation. Cerebral angiography is the main method of diagnosis of smog, typically showing narrowing or occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery, the anterior cerebral artery, and the beginning of the middle cerebral artery, with smog-like vascular formation at the base of the brain and the presence of an abnormal vascular network in the soft meninges. Sometimes tiny aneurysms can be seen. CT or MRI examination of the head is useful for diagnosis. There is no ideal treatment for smog at home and abroad, and clinical treatment can be divided into medical and surgical treatment. Internal treatment is symptomatic with vasodilators and antimicrobials, but the efficacy is not satisfactory. Patients with infarction are generally treated as thrombosis. Treatment with vasodilators, vasodilators, and calcium antagonists is available, as well as hormone therapy. Surgery is the main treatment. The principle is to increase the collateral circulation of the brain through surgical methods to improve the blood supply to the brain and restore normal neurological function. At present, the international treatment of smog mainly adopts the direct anastomosis of superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery and the indirect anastomosis of EDAS, the former is more difficult because of the thin diameter of middle cerebral artery in smog patients, especially in children, and the temporary blockage of middle cerebral artery during surgery may further aggravate cerebral ischemia. Therefore, most scholars use the EDAS indirect anastomosis method invented by Japanese scholar Mr. Yoshiharu Matsushima in 1979, in which the extracranial vessels are led across the skull and dural barrier into the skull to promote the blood supply to the cerebral cortex. In clinical work, the specific treatment plan should be made according to different patients, because of the existence of individualized differences and the immaturity of various treatments, there are no clear indications for various treatments, which makes the treatment difficult. However, once diagnosed, treatment should be active to improve survival rate and quality of life.