HPV has a certain rate of infection in the vulva, genital tract, anus and even oropharynx of the normal population, and its infection is mainly self-limiting. The rate of HPV infection in the uterine vagina of female college students in the United States has been reported to be 43%, with a clearance rate of 31% after 6 months and 89% after 8 months, indicating that the body can spontaneously clear HPV infection. Most patients can rely on autoimmunity to clear HPV infection within 8-10 months after infection, but there are still 10%-15% of patients with persistent infection, causing precancerous lesions of cervical epithelial cells of different degrees, which then develop into invasive cancer. Most HPV infections are temporary, i.e. transient, but when the virus or the host’s genes are mutated or the host’s defense mechanism is defective, it leads to persistent HPV infection. This persistent or recurrent HPV (especially high-risk types) infection increases the risk of cervical cancer.