In cities, air pollutants do not diffuse easily, aggravating the toxicity of substances such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which jeopardize human health. Compared with adults, children’s resistance is weaker in the face of harmful substances in the air. Since children’s body organs and systems are not fully developed, the harm of haze to children is more serious than that of adults. Such as: haze weather is very easy to form the secondary aerosol pollution, in which the sulfate and nitrate is its main component. Sulfur dioxide adsorbed on particulate matter is catalyzed, oxidized to sulfur trioxide, sulfur trioxide and water vapor to form a very fine sulfuric acid mist, which can more deeply invade the children’s respiratory tract, the alveoli have a stronger toxic effect. When sulfur dioxide and particulate matter are inhaled at the same time, a synergistic effect occurs, which can lead to pulmonary edema or bronchitis in children in severe cases. The following types of illnesses can occur in children in hazy weather. Acute respiratory infections. From the physiological structure, children’s respiratory tract is very delicate, fragile, infants and young children have no nasal hair, nasal cavity than adults, short, curvature is not as big as adults, in the face of harmful substances, there is no nasal hair such as a filtering barrier, but also because of straight-through airways, making the airflow unobstructed, so it is more sensitive to adverse weather. Harmful particles in the haze can directly enter and adhere to the children’s respiratory tract and alveoli, causing acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis and other conditions, such as untreated, it is easy to turn into pediatric pneumonia Chronic respiratory disease aggravation. For children with bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and other diseases, haze weather can cause acute attacks or acute exacerbation of the condition. Studies have shown that increased PM2.5 concentrations are significantly associated with an increase in the number of patients with respiratory illnesses, and increased PM2.5 can cause an increase in pediatric asthma emergency room visits. Conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis may be caused by airborne particles that attach to the cornea during hazy weather. Conjunctivitis usually does not affect vision, but it can be difficult to resolve on its own, so children should seek medical attention as soon as they experience symptoms such as frequent blinking, eye rubbing, eye rolling, and red blood in the eyes. For general eye discomfort, parents can use cold compresses to help children relieve discomfort. Emotional instability The hazy days will also affect the baby’s mood, because the weather is cloudy all day, the sun is dim and cloudy, the pineal gland in the baby’s body will secrete more pineal gland hormone, so that the concentration of thyroxine and adrenaline is relatively low. Thyroxine, adrenaline and other hormones that arouse the cells to work, once reduced, the cells will be “lazy”, become extremely inactive, the baby will also appear to be lethargic. Infectious diseases increase. The sun’s ultraviolet radiation can promote the body’s synthesis of vitamin D, long-term hazy weather when the weakening of ultraviolet radiation can directly lead to the baby’s chances of suffering from pediatric rickets increased. In addition, ultraviolet light is the main weapon in nature to kill some microorganisms in the atmosphere, such as bacteria and viruses. Haze weather leads to the weakening of UV radiation in the near-surface layer, which increases the activity of infectious-pathogenic bacteria in the air and increases infectious diseases. Children’s health and development are impaired. The toxicity of heavy metals in haze particles to children is also increasingly being studied; heavy metals can bind to hematoporphyrins in the blood and can damage the liver. Inhalation of too much heavy metals will increase the viscosity of children’s blood and reduce the oxygen content, which will lead to symptoms such as chest tightness and dizziness. Lead in heavy metals has an obvious damaging effect on the nervous system, affecting the development of children’s nervous system and intelligence. Some studies have found that the prevalence of lead poisoning in urban children reaches 51.6 per thousand, and the correlation coefficient between children’s blood lead and atmospheric lead concentration is the largest in the industrial areas of major cities (Shanghai, Beijing, Shenyang, etc.), followed by soil and dust. The environmental toxicological effects of iron have also been generally emphasized, and the mechanism of lung damage by iron carried on environmental particulate matter. It is generally accepted that iron complexes bound on the surface of ultrafine particulate matter produce hydroxyl radicals that cause oxidative damage to the lungs. As the immune system and urinary system of children are less functional than those of adults, the elimination of heavy metals is also slower, thus making it more harmful. Another major component of haze is carbon, especially organic carbon, which seriously affects human health, especially children’s health. Oil, coal and other fossil fuels and wood, tobacco and other organic materials in the incomplete combustion process will produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs), which can directly enter the atmosphere, and adsorbed in the particulate matter, and then into the human body. PAHs has a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects. Its representative, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), is the most carcinogenic substance that can induce skin, lung and stomach cancers. Parents should take the following measures in hazy weather Minimize going out. Although wearing a mask can prevent some dust from entering the nasal cavity and can provide some protection. However, for PM2.5, which has recently triggered a hot debate, even professional medical masks have a limited ability to resist, because even professional masks are mainly for PM3 and above respirable particles, and do not have a strong ability to resist inhalable particles below PM2.5. So the most direct way to avoid damage to children is to reduce going out. Children who have the habit of practicing in the morning should stop in hazy weather. Generally 6:00 to 11:00 in the morning is the more serious pollution time period, the evening air is relatively cleaner, parents may wish to switch to the evening with children exercise. Less open windows to ventilate. Should choose the midday sunshine is more abundant, less pollutants when the windows open air, time should not be too long. In addition, you can also in their own balconies, terraces, indoor a variety of green plants, such as chlorophyll, wannabe, tiger orchids and other green crown foliage plants to purify indoor air. The use of air purifiers, 80% of the air purifiers on the market to purify fine particles, PM2.5 has a very good effect. However, you should pay attention to changing the filter cartridge when using it. Wear a mask. When elementary school students go out in the morning and evening, they can wear cotton or N95 masks to reduce the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Tell children to walk as far away from the road as possible, because the concentration of pollutants is highest during peak commuting hours and at night when large cars enter the city. It’s best not to let children go out too early; the haze is relatively heavy in the early morning and eases as the sun comes out. Tell children not to do too strenuous exercise to avoid inhaling more pollutants into their lungs when breathing rapidly. Eat a light diet. Eat less stimulating food and more fresh vegetables and fruits, which can replenish all kinds of vitamins and inorganic salts, and can also moisturize the lungs and remove dryness, dispel phlegm and relieve cough, strengthen the spleen and tonify the kidneys. Regular work and rest, avoid overwork, drink more water, eat more tofu, milk and other foods. Eat less stimulating water, you can eat more nourishing Yin moisturizing lung pear, lily, loquat.