The diagnosis of islet cell tumours is divided into qualitative, localisation and pathological diagnosis, and the diagnosis is very important for subsequent treatment choices. As islet cell tumours are a large group of diseases, the presentation and diagnostic pathways vary.
Some patients present with symptoms due to the secretory function of the tumour and the doctor will choose the appropriate blood biochemical markers for a qualitative diagnosis based on symptoms; while serum chromogranin A (CgA) may be suggestive of islet cell tumour, regardless of whether symptoms are present. It is further necessary to identify the exact location of the lesion, starting with non-invasive and relatively simple tests such as ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc., to the relatively complex endoscopic ultrasound, PET-CT, growth inhibitor receptor phenomenon, etc., to invasive pancreatic imaging, which may be chosen on a case-by-case basis.
If these tests are still not effective in localising the disease, a small number of patients may require surgical exploration. The pathology obtained in patients undergoing biopsy or surgery is also important for the patient’s prognosis and subsequent treatment options.