1. Etiology.
Most patients have cytomegalovirus, EBV or mycoplasma infections prior to the onset of the disease, but the etiology of a few cases is unknown. The nature of the disease is unclear and may be related to immune damage.
2. Symptoms.
(1) sensory disorders numbness and pins and needles sensation at the ends of the extremities, and also symptoms such as fading, loss of garter-like sensation or allergy.
(2) motor disorders: the patient has muscle paralysis of the limbs and trunk, which can spread upward from the lower limb area to the brain in half a month’s time, while the condition will reach its peak with hypotonia.
(3) When breathing, swallowing and vocalization are involved, they will cause their own respiratory paralysis, difficulty in swallowing and vocalization, which can be life-threatening in serious cases.
(4) Reflex disorders, the reflexes of the tendons of the limbs may show symmetrical weakening or disappearance.
(5) Phytodysfunction (excessive sweating, sweat odor, short-term urinary retention, or constipation, etc.).
3.Treatment.
(1) Comprehensive treatment: keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, prevent secondary infection, cough weakness and poor sputum expectoration when swallowing and respiratory muscles are involved, tracheotomy and ventilator-assisted breathing if necessary.
(2) Hormones: apply them for a short time in the early stage, the course of treatment should not be too long, usually around 1 month, acute severe cases can be treated with hydrocortisone, dexamethasone short-term impact therapy.
(3) Early application of high-dose gammaglobulin intravenously.
(4) Appropriate application of neurotrophic drugs: such as coenzyme A, ATP, cytochrome C and other metabolic drugs, also can be applied at the same time vitamin B12, Micropôle, etc.
4.Nursing.
(1) Keep the bed sheet flat, turn over regularly, scrub diligently, keep the skin dry and clean, prevent decubitus ulcers, observe the condition closely, and prevent secondary infection of the lungs.
(2) Early massage, passive and active exercises such as joint movement to prevent contracture, use braces to prevent foot drop deformity, weight training as early as possible without affecting posture, orthopedic shoes if necessary, hyperbaric oxygen, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, low-frequency therapy, treatment plans according to the child’s condition, and reasonable arrangement of treatment programs.
(3) For those who have swallowing disorder, sit down to eat, and for those who cannot sit up, generally adopt a semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated by 30° and the head bent forward to avoid accidental asphyxiation into the trachea.
(4) Encourage children to urinate on their own, and promote active urination by applying heat or by tapping the suprapubic area and rubbing the inner thighs regularly.
(5) Pay attention to the prevention of infection, pay attention to a light diet, and eat less spicy and stimulating food and fishy food. Pay attention to moderate diet and control blood sugar.
(6) Because of the rapid onset of the disease and the severity of the symptoms, the child has a big psychological gap and is prone to low self-esteem and depression.