Uterine fibroids: The uterus is an important organ for women, and its existence enables women to have menstrual cycles and to nurture life, which plays a crucial role in the role of women and their physiology and psychology. Uterine fibroids are called the first tumor in gynecology and are the most common gynecological tumor, mostly seen in women of childbearing age between 30 and 50 years old, with an incidence of 20%-30%, nearly half of them being women of childbearing age. According to the gynecological surgery disease spectrum of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, uterine fibroids have been the first gynecological surgery disease in the last decade. Symptoms of fibroids: Many studies have shown that fibroids are harmful to women in many ways, including physiological, maternal, psychological, family and social effects. Typical symptoms of fibroids include: altered menstrual cycle, prolonged periods, increased menstrual flow, abnormal uterine bleeding and secondary anemia, lower abdominal mass, frequent urination, constipation, pelvic swelling, back pain, and infertility, which constantly torment patients and cause many adverse effects on health and quality of life. Of course, there are also mostly asymptomatic ones. Psychological performance of patients with uterine fibroids: In reality, there are patients without clinical symptoms, but the presence of fibroids is also a great blow to patients’ physical and mental health, after all, they are tumors. It puts pressure and burden on them physically and emotionally. The adverse emotions of fear and worry about the disease can reduce the body’s immunity and tolerance to the disease, which can affect the quality of work and life. Changes in the concept of surgical treatment for fibroids: With the development of socio-economic culture and the postponement of women’s age of marriage, the number of patients with fibroids in infertile women is gradually increasing; women are paying more attention to their reproductive endocrine health status and more women want to preserve the integrity of the uterus. The concept of surgical treatment of uterine fibroids has changed, as shown by the increased choice of minimally invasive, individualized, humanized and diversified options; even multiple fibroids or larger fibroids can theoretically be removed and the uterus preserved. Surgical treatment of fibroids: Surgery is considered to be the only method that can completely treat fibroids. It is also the most effective treatment method. It is suitable for those with symptoms or suspected sarcoma changes. Surgical procedures: hysteroscopic, laparoscopic, transvaginal or transabdominal myomectomy, subtotal hysterectomy or total hysterectomy. Realistic problems of surgical treatment of uterine fibroids 1. For patients, talking about surgery, even minimally invasive hysterolaparoscopic surgery, is still a special event that can cause psychological shock, negative emotions and reactions to various treatments increase patients’ somatic discomfort. 2. Despite the continuous progress of surgical techniques, surgery does involve certain risks and traumas, anesthesia risks and surgical complications, which, if they occur, will cause irreparable damage to the patient’s 3. For women who have not had children, the formation of a uterine scar after surgery must be followed by pregnancy six months to two years later, delaying precious childbearing time, while possible pregnancy at the scar and uterine rupture are life-threatening. 4. There is a risk of fibroid recurrence in surgery that preserves the uterus, and many patients worry that fibroid recurrence after surgery is equivalent to doing it for nothing. 5. Removal of the uterus is a method to cure fibroids, but the psychological and mental damage of losing the uterus far exceeds the physical, psychological, mental and physical damage caused by the uterine disease itself. 6. After hysterectomy, the blood supply to the ovaries will be impaired, causing early menopausal symptoms, and pelvic floor dysfunctional diseases occur in the distant future after hysterectomy. -vaginal prolapse, urinary incontinence will also increase.7. Minimally invasive surgery is used: some are only minimally invasive with skin incision, which cannot avoid uterine incision, and scar healing after incision of the uterus will lead to weak tissue in the area, which has been reported to lead to the risk of uterine rupture in late pregnancy. 8. There are strict indications for surgical treatment, and surgery is not recommended for uterine fibroids whose symptoms and size do not meet the indications. 9. Based on the risk of fibroids to physical and psychological health and fertility, most patients want to obtain treatment once they are detected. Even a single fibroid of 1-50 px in diameter without any clinical symptoms is enough to put some patients in extreme anxiety and fear. Should it be treated or not? Should we intervene early? Based on the current status of treatment and its effectiveness, many patients who cannot or do not want to undergo surgical treatment have to endure the torment of fibroids for a long time. Analysis of non-surgical treatment for fibroids: Since surgical treatment or minimally invasive treatment are unsatisfactory, is there a safe and effective treatment method that can not only spare patients from pain and fear, but also protect the integrity of the uterus well, so that the uterus is not damaged and its original function is maintained, and also remove fibroid lesions, reduce their recurrence rate, reduce or eliminate symptoms, and facilitate fertility? Therefore, non-surgical treatment or non-invasive treatment of uterine fibroids is valued. Although they are effective, they can only temporarily treat the symptoms, control the tumor or shrink the tumor, and then recur after stopping the medication, and cannot be cured, but they have many adverse reactions. It should be used only after full communication and understanding with patients. Uterine artery embolization (UAE): Uterine fibroid embolization is a minimally invasive treatment for uterine fibroids. the principle of UAE treatment is that the fibroid nodules are very sensitive to the acute ischemia caused after UAE, necrosis occurs, and the tumor shrinks or even disappears. At the same time, uterine integrity is not affected by the establishment of collateral circulation; because UAE may cause ovarian failure and postoperative amenorrhea, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen levels should be measured preoperatively and postoperatively. UAE can cause pelvic pain, postoperative fever, bleeding, thrombosis and myoma recurrence due to acute ischemia of the uterus after surgery. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU): It is a method of focusing acoustic energy on a certain point in human tissue, causing coagulative necrosis of the tissue in that area, which is then dissolved and absorbed by the body or fibrosis. Due to the massive destruction of microvessels in the lesion, the nutrient supply to the lesion is blocked, which enhances the biological effect of focusing ultrasound to kill the lesion, while the tissue cells outside the focusing area are basically undamaged. The integrity and function of the uterus can be well maintained. MRI-guided HIFU is currently the most used non-surgical method for the treatment of uterine fibroids worldwide. Uterine fibroids treatment concept and outlook: Although fibroids have been documented and studied for more than 2,000 years, the cause of the disease is still not fully explained, and the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are not satisfactory. With the continuous progress of medical technology, the concept of treating uterine fibroids has been improving and gradually exploring and discovering in the direction of humanization and non-invasiveness. In conclusion, the treatment of uterine fibroids has its pros and cons, regardless of the method used. Choosing a method that can cause the least harm to the patient, cure the disease and not make the patient fearful; comfortable and satisfied in the heart and happy in the spirit is the best method not only for the patient but also for the clinic.