Adenoid hypertrophy is pharyngeal tonsillar hyperplasia. Adenoids are hidden in the back of the nasal cavity and are the lymphatic tissue at the top of the nasopharynx. They exist after birth and increase with age, becoming largest around the age of 6, gradually degenerating later, and generally starting to shrink after the age of 10. Adenoid hypertrophy in children is mostly physiological, but only if it affects the general health or adjacent organs, it is called adenoid hypertrophy. The general adenoid hypertrophy is not very harmful to the health of children, but if children repeatedly suffer from upper respiratory tract infections, the repeated stimulation of inflammation will cause pathological hyperplasia of the adenoids, which can rapidly increase hypertrophy, aggravate nasal obstruction, obstruct nasal drainage, and nasal secretions stimulate the adenoids to continue to proliferate, forming a vicious circle of mutual cause and effect, affecting the growth and development of children. As the nasopharynx of children is relatively small, when adenoid hypertrophy, will be affected by nasal congestion and open-mouth breathing, especially at night when the tongue and pharynx muscles relaxed after the tongue root to the back of the mild droop, so that the exhalation of exhaust is affected, will make the symptoms worse. Long-term open-mouth breathing, airflow will impact the hard palate, making it deformed, high arch, and over time the development of the face will also be deformed, the upper lip is short and thick, the lower jaw drops, the nasolabial fissure disappears, the hard palate high arch, teeth alignment is not neat, upper incisors protrude, poor bite, nasal septum deviation, etc., facial muscles are not easy to move, lack of expression, called “adenoid facial features It is called “adenoid face”. The nasal snot of the affected children flows backward to the pharynx and irritates the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory tract, which also causes coughing and is prone to bronchitis. Due to the obstruction of the eustachian tube, the tympanic membrane may become trapped and cause catarrhal otitis media, which affects hearing. In addition, children with chronic mouth breathing and nasal obstruction are prone to head ischemia and oxygen deprivation, mental depression, headache, dizziness, and slow reaction time. As children need a lot of oxygen for development, adenoid hypertrophy will make children seriously lack of oxygen during sleep, which directly leads to insufficient oxygen supply for brain development and causes a decrease in secretion of growth-promoting hormone, which not only affects children’s development, but also decreases physical resistance and will affect children’s intelligence in the future. Therefore, these children are not only prone to respiratory infections, but also prone to chicken chest, funnel chest, long-term airway obstruction can also lead to poor pulmonary expansion and ventilation, resulting in increased pulmonary artery pressure, and even induce pulmonary heart disease. Therefore, serious adenoid hypertrophy is not a small danger. Children with adenoid hypertrophy should be treated for the cause. If the symptoms are not very serious, the adenoids can be observed for a period of time to prevent respiratory infections, and the adenoids may gradually shrink, which is of course the best. The best treatment for adenoid hypertrophy is surgical removal, which has good postoperative results and can be done at the age of 3 or older. However, if the child has an adenoid face, it will be difficult to recover, and that would be a great pity. As to whether the indication for surgery has been met, it is important to listen to the opinion of the treating otolaryngologist.