Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female genitalia and the most common tumors in the human body. They are mainly caused by the proliferation of smooth muscle cells with a small amount of fibrous connective tissue between them, and are mostly seen in women aged 30 to 50 years old, and are rare below 20 years old. The factors associated with the development of uterine fibroids are: 1. Estrogen and progesterone: the content of estrogen receptors in fibroid cells and estradiol receptors in tissues is higher than that of normal uterine muscle tissue, and estrogen can promote the increase of fibroids, so fibroids mostly occur in women of childbearing age, and stop growing or even shrink after menopause. Progesterone can promote the stimulation of fibroid cell nuclear division and promote the growth of fibroids. 2.Cytogenetic abnormalities: mutual transposition of the long arm fragments of chromosome 12 and 17, rearrangement of the long arm of chromosome 12, partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7, etc. 3, molecular biology research: uterine fibroids are proliferated by monoclonal smooth muscle cells, and multiple uterine fibroids are formed by different clonal cells. The symptoms of uterine fibroids are related to the location of fibroids and the presence of degeneration, and have little relationship with the size and number of fibroids. For example, changes in menstruation may manifest as prolonged cycles, increased menstrual flow, prolonged periods, irregular vaginal bleeding, and submucosal fibroids often manifest as excessive menstruation. Symptoms of fibroids include: 1. lower abdominal mass: smaller fibroids cannot be felt in the abdomen. 2, increased leucorrhea: interstitial fibroids are often accompanied by increased leucorrhea; when submucosal fibroids protrude from the vagina, surface infection and necrosis are associated with large amounts of purulent and hemorrhagic discharge and flesh-like tissue discharge. 3, compression symptoms: compression of the bladder, frequent urination, urinary retention, compression of the ureter causes hydronephrosis, compression of the rectum causes defecation difficulties. Other symptoms can be lower abdominal cramping, back pain, and aggravated during menstruation. It can cause infertility or miscarriage. Acute lower abdominal pain with vomiting, fever and local pressure pain of the tumor in case of myxoma red-like degeneration; acute abdominal pain in case of torsion of the tip; secondary anemia. During gynecological examination, the uterus may be enlarged to different degrees, evenly enlarged or with uneven surface, nodular protrusion, hard and spherical masses connected to the uterus with thin tissues. Submucosal fibroids may protrude from the uterus or the vagina, and if infected, they may have exudate or ulcers on the surface, with foul-smelling drainage.